EXPLORATIONS AMONG THE WHITE MOUNTAINS. 67 



a footway to Mt. Washington, following the south-western ridge. This, 

 and the new road made two years later by Ethan Allen Crawford along 

 the Ammonoosuc, subsequently became the more common ways of 

 ascending the mountains. Botanists were gainers by this change, 

 especially those whose work was carried on without camping out, as 

 these routes enabled them to examine the finest localities for Alpine 

 plants while on their way to the summit. An account of the expedition 

 of 1 8 1 6 appeared in the New England jfotirnal of Medicine and Surgery 

 for November of the same year. 



Maps, Surveys, and Names. 



The first and only map of New Hampshire issued under the direction 

 of the state authorities, was that of Philip Carrigain, published in 1816. 

 The author's name is still preserved at the White Mountains, as that of 

 the noblest of the peaks upon the east branch of the Pemigewasset, too 

 distant, however, from settlements to be often visited by tourists. This 

 map notices that recent barometrical calculations give 7,162 feet above the 

 sea as the height of the White Mountains ; and states that, being below 

 the line of perpetual congelation, which must be 7,200 feet lower than in 

 Europe on the same parallel, they cannot exceed 7,800 feet The author 

 then somewhat incorrectly adds, "After every abridgment of the here- 

 tofore exaggerated estimates of their altitude, it will be found doubly to 

 exceed that of any mountain in the United States other than those of 

 New Hampshire." The Franconia and Mt. Washington ranges, with 

 intervening ranges and peaks, are laid down on this map ; but no names 

 are applied to individual summits throughout this central area of the 

 White Mountains, with the exception of Lafayette, which is called 

 "Great Haystack." The prominent mountains which stand on guard 

 just outside this area, however, were already distinguished by the same 

 names as now. We find " Pigwacket Mt., formerly Kiarsarge ; " " Corway 

 Peak Mt." (Chocorua); also, "Corway" pond and river; and, on the west, 

 Kinsman's Mt. and "Moosehillock" Mt. The latter is in the town of 

 "Coventry," changed to Benton in 1840. Albany, Woodstock, Carroll, 

 Randolph, and Jackson are designated by the names Burton, Peeling, 

 Breton Woods, Durand, and Adams. The name of "Merrimack River, or 

 Pemigewasset Br.," is applied to that stream above Franklin ; while the 



