ADDRESSES 183 



Besides their potatoes, they grow plenty of cereals and 

 grass for cattle; they have more than one cow to each acre 

 of meadows and fields under grass; they export every year, 

 besides a large amount of dairy products, some 2,300 milch 

 cows; and, on the whole, obtain agricultural produce to the 

 amount of $750 to each acre of the surface of the island.'* 

 So much has been said and written of late years respect- 

 ing the cattle of Jersey that it would seem almost unneces- 

 sary to make mention of them. A few facts, however, in 

 regard to their management and care, may not be unin- 

 teresting. In round numbers, twelve thousand are scattered 

 over the island, but nowhere are large herds to be seen. 

 Bunches of two or three, at most five or six, are found on the 

 different farms, rarely more. This is easily accounted for by 

 the small holdings of the farmers, the 19,000 acres of arable 

 land being distributed among 2,600 owners. Of the entire 

 number, according to the returns of 1891, 6,700 were cows 

 and heifers in milk or in calf, 668 were two years and over, 

 and 4,600 were under two years. Cows are considered in 

 their prime at six and continue good until ten. After that 

 they deteriorate rapidly. The first calf is usually dropped 

 when the animal is two or under, and this has been offered 

 as a reason for the small size of the breed. Cattle are al- 

 lowed to remain out from May to October. After that they 

 are housed at night, being driven in at four and let out at 

 nine the following day. They are fed morning and evening, 

 their ration being the same, three-fourths bushel of roots 

 and a little hay, and are milked three times a day during 

 the summer. When out at pasture they are never allowed 

 to roam, but are close tethered by a rope about four yards 

 in length. Three times a day the stake to which the tether 



