ADDRESSES 223 



and boarded at both ends, is hung to a beam and swung to 

 and fro. The skins of animals, particularly the goat, with the 

 hair inside, are sewed in the form of a bag, and, being filled 

 with cream, are rapidly rolled over and over on the ground 

 until the butter comes. The gypsies, it is said, when start- 

 ing on their journeys, will fill the skins with cream, and, sit- 

 ting upon them, will find butter when they reach their jour- 

 ney's end. It is said that in early times the missionaries 

 used to punish their children by putting them under the 

 table and making them shake a bottle of milk. Sawing the 

 butter is a very necessary operation, and all well-provided 

 families have a fine-tooth saw with which to extract the 

 hairs from the butter. The natives melt the butter for cook- 

 ing, and easily strain out the hair. But no attempt is ever 

 made to eat it on bread. 



A missionary on the rich plains of the Sangarius tried 

 to introduce a reform in the process of churning. He showed 

 the farmers that in the markets of Constantinople their 

 butter brought less than one-half the price of good English 

 or Italian butter. He tried to introduce the American churn, 

 and the mode of working, salting, and putting down. It is 

 needless to say the attempt was an utter failure. They had 

 always had hair and butter together, and they always would 

 have, till death. In Proverbs (xxx, 33) we are told: "Surely 

 the churning of milk bringeth forth butter, and the wringing 

 of the nose bringeth forth blood." There would seem to be 

 at first sight, no special analogy between the process of 

 churning and pulling a man's nose until the blood comes, 

 if you consider our method alone. But, in the native op- 

 eration, the comparison is a just one and natural: for 

 the women seize and squeeze and wring the milk in their 



