TREES AND THE GARDEN. 215 



nists to grow this Old World grape in their new land, 

 it was finally given up, and to-day most of our suc- 

 cessful commercial varieties are of our own native 

 species. On the Pacific Slope, however, the Old 

 World grape is successfully and extensively grown, but 

 because of the unfavorable climate and its suscepti- 

 bility to mildew and phylloxera, or rot louse, it cannot 

 be grown with success in most other sections of the 

 United States. 



Grapes are grown in nearly all parts of this coun- 

 try, although only in a few sections has it developed 

 into a commercial industry. These sections are gen- 

 erally bordering large bodies of water whose moderat- 

 ing influence favors the industry. The site for the 

 vineyard should possess good soil and air drainage, 

 and the soil should be only moderately rich. Too 

 much nitrogen in the soil stimulates an excessive wood 

 growth. 



Pruning and Spraying. The grape is naturally a 

 rampant grower. Therefore severe annual pruning 

 should be practiced to keep the vine within bounds 

 and to reduce the amount of wood, thus limiting the 

 amount of fruit produced. This pruning is usually 

 performed in late winter or early spring, and the twigs 

 are often made into hard-wood cuttings for the prop- 

 agation of more vines. Spraying is practiced regu- 

 larly by the best growers to control the mildew which 

 attacks the foliage, and also to control the grape rot 

 of the fruit. 



Varieties. The Concord is the leading standard 

 variety of the American grape. The Worden, Brigh- 

 ton, Delaware, Niagara and Moore's Early are other 

 leading varieties. 



3. Small Fruits. The small fruits are special fav- 

 orites in the American fruit garden, as they give quick 

 returns and are easily grown and occupy less space than 

 the tree fruits. 



Strawberry. This fruit is grown with marked suc- 

 cess in every section of the Union. It thrives on a 



