218 FUNDAMENTALS OF AGRICULTURE. 



Red Raspberry Cuthbert, Shaffer and Turner. 



Black Raspberry Cumberland, Gregg and Kansas. 



Currants and Gooseberries. The reliability of 

 these fruits entitles them to a place in every fruit gar- 

 den. They do best in a soil that is cool, moist and 

 well-filled with humus, hence they do not thrive in a 

 hot, dry climate. Fall planting is preferable with 

 these fruits, as they become well-established during the 

 cool, moist days of early spring before the hot dry 

 summer. The plants are shallow-rooted, and should 

 be frequently cultivated to prevent the roots from 

 drying out. From five to sixteen quarts of fruit 

 should be produced annually upon every bush. In 

 pruning the oldest canes are removed in early spring 

 and new ones allowed to replace them. Large profits 

 are often made on these crops, as there is a great de- 

 mand for them in the city for making jelly, and also 

 from the canning factories. In many localities, how- 

 ever, the demand is quite limited. On the fruit farm 

 they are planted in the orchard between the trees, as 

 they do well in a more or less shady situation. In the 

 home fruit garden a spot on the north side of a build- 

 ing furnishes an admirable place for them. 



The London Market is the leading variety of cur- 

 rant, while the Downing is one of the best varieties of 

 gooseberries. 



EXERCISE. What is pomology? What branch of pomology is 

 practiced the most in your locality? What are the factors that make 

 the apple the most important American fruit? What varieties of 

 apples are grown the most in your section ? Explain the factors 

 that make your locality a favorable or unfavorable one for the grow- 

 ing of pears. Name some of the uses of the quince. Why is the 

 growing of peaches attended with great risk? Can you name any 

 variety of plums that you think would thrive in your locality? How 

 may one tell the difference between sour and sweet cherry trees? 

 How do you account for the poor soils producing the highest priced 

 oranges? Why are not oranges grown over a greater area? Where 

 are navel oranges most successful ? Can you name the best variety 

 of grapes to grow in your locality? Is it an American or Old World 

 grape? Explain how to start a strawberry bed. What is meant by 

 "perfect" and "imperfect" flowers? Name the small fruits that 

 can be most successfully grown in your locality. 



