INSECTS AND BIRDS. 293 



lays its eggs to the number of about one hundred, on 

 the under surfaces of the leaves. The larval stages 

 are scale like, and except for the first few hours, re- 

 main fixed in one position on the leaf until it becomes 

 fully developed and the adult emerges. The entire 

 period from the laying of the egg to the appearance 

 of the adult is rarely less than seven weeks and usually 

 much longer. The insect breeds on several plants be- 

 sides those of the orange group. In order to control 

 the insect satisfactorily, chinaberry and umbrella trees, 

 cape jessamines and privets must not be allowed to 

 grow near orange groves. Parasitic fungi attack the 

 young scale-like stages of the fly and produce bright 

 red, yellow or brown growths. These friendly fungi 

 reduce the white fly damage about one-third. For en- 

 tirely satisfactory results it is necessary to fumigate 

 orange trees with a poisonous gas, called hydrocyanic 

 acid gas, after covering the trees with canvas tents, or 

 else to carefully spray the trees with a soap solution. 



GARDEN INSECTS. 



By PROF. A. L. QUAINTANCE, 

 Bureau of Entomology, U. S. Dept. of Agriculture. 



Cutworms. Cutworms are of almost universal oc- 

 currence in gardens, feeding upon all classes of crops. 

 They attract attention mainly in the spring, as at this 

 time they are hungry from their winter's fast, and the 

 scarcity of green vegetation forces them to the garden 

 crops. Cutworms are best controlled by use of pois- 

 oned baits, which should be in place some days before 

 the garden plants are set out, or as soon as first injury 

 is noticed. An excellent bait is fresh clover, alfalfa 

 or other succulent vegetation sprayed with or dipped 

 in Paris green in water, or a poisoned bran mash may 

 be used. The poisoned bait should be placed in nu- 

 merous small heaps over the infested ground or by the 

 plants. Fresh bait should be added from time to time 

 as necessary to keep it fresh. 



