400 FUNDAMENTALS OF AGRICULTURE. 



for human food, there are many parts of the grain 

 and seed which are of no further value in such manu- 

 facture. In most cases these by-products are saved 

 and utilized for feeds for our stock. 



Value of By-Products. Many of these by-products 

 are valuable for feeding. Cotton-seed meal, wheat 

 bran, linseed meal, gluten feed, dried brewers' grains, 

 distillers' grains, rice polish and hominy feeds are a 

 few of the valuable by-products found on our mar- 

 kets. Others of these waste products, such as inferior 

 corn, oat hulls, rice hulls, flax bran, and dust from 

 grain possess little feeding value and are sometimes 

 injurious. 



New By-Products. On account of the high prices 

 of grain and seeds and keen competition, almost all the 

 by-products are being saved and disposed of in our 

 commercial feeds. New by-products are continually 

 being put on our market, either mixed with other ma- 

 terials, or sold unmixed. 



Sources of Commercial Feeds. The following 

 statement summarizes the sources of the by-products. 

 These by-products are derived from 



1. The manufacture of cotton-seed oil, linseed oil, 

 and other vegetable oils. 



2. The manufacture of whisky, beer, alcohol, 

 spirits, etc. 



3. The manufacture of human cereals (breakfast 

 foods). 



4. The manufacture of glucose and starch. 



5. The manufacture of products from grains such 

 as flour and rice. 



6. The manufacture of cane sugar, beet sugar and 

 sorghum cuite. 



7. The manufacture of animal and fish products. 



EXERCISE. Why do we call forage crops natural feeds ? What are 

 the names of the natural feeds used at your home? Does the 

 corn at your home ever get moldy? What are the names of the 

 commercial feeds used at your home? 



If any of the pupils have a silo at home or have ever seen one, 

 have one of them explain to the class the construction of it, the 



