FEEDS AND FEEDING. 401 



way the crop is prepared before storing, and the appearance of the 

 crop after it has been in the silo for some time. Let one pupil 

 bring a sample of ensilage to school. Taste it and show it to all 

 the pupils. 



SECTION LXIV. VEGETABLE OIL, ALCOHOLIC AND 

 BREAKFAST FOOD BY-PRODUCTS. 



Vegetable Oil By-Products. The by-products from 

 the manufacture of vegetable oils are cotton-seed 

 meal, cotton-seed hulls, linseed meal and flax feed. 



Cotton-seed Meal and Hulls. Attached to the 

 seed of cotton are long white fibers known to us as 

 cotton. When the cotton is ginned all of these fibers 

 or lint are removed except a few short fibers which 

 adhere to the seeds. The seeds are then taken to a 

 cotton-seed oil mill and treated. First the lint is re- 

 moved leaving nothing but the seed. The seed is 

 composed of the hull, or hard outer covering, and the 

 kernel or meat. The seeds are then put through a 

 machine called the huller. This machine separates 

 the hulls from the meats. This process is called de- 

 corticating the cotton seed. The hulls obtained in 

 this process are known as cotton-seed hulls. The 

 meats are then cooked in special kettles and made up 

 into cakes or forms. These hot forms are subjected 

 to great pressure and the oil is extracted. The re- 

 maining product is ground and sold as cotton-seed 

 meal. 



ANALYSES OF COTTON SEED, COTTON-SEED MEAL 

 AND HULLS* 



Nitrogen 



Protein Fat Free Ext. Fiber Water Ash 



Cottonseed 18.4% 19.9% 24.7% 23.2% 10.3% 3.5% 



Cotton-seed meal. 43.0 8.5 25.7 7.8 8.2 6.8 



Hulls 4.2 2.2 33.4 46.3 ii. i 2.8 



The composition of cotton-seed meal is apt to vary 



* Henry, " Feeds and Feeding." 



