MISCELLANEOUS. 



441 



disk, the spring tooth, and the spike tooth harrows. 

 The disk narrow pulverizes the ground exceedingly 

 well, firms the plowed field and makes a uniform seed 

 bed. The spring tooth harrow and spike tooth har- 

 row pull much easier than the disk harrow, but they 

 will not penetrate hard soils. Generally after the 

 ground has been plowed or cultivated they are used to 

 smooth the surface or make a soil mulch. 



DISK HARROW. 



Cultivators. After the crops have been sowed or 

 planted the ground must be tilled to prevent the 

 growth of weeds, and also to keep the surface friable. 

 Cultivators are used for this purpose. In the early 

 days, the single shovel cultivator was used almost en- 

 tirely, and later the double shovel came into use. 

 Now, in nearly all extensive farming operations, the 

 two-horse walking or riding cultivator with four or 

 six shovels, and sometimes eight are used. In the 

 prairie sections two-row cultivators with eight 

 twelve shovels are becoming popular. 



or 



