MISCELLANEOUS. 443 



shoulder and worked by means of a crank or bow, or 

 are attached to a wheel and pushed in the form of a 

 wheelbarrow. Endgate seeders are attached to the 

 rear end of the wagon and driven by means of a chain- 

 wheel on the rear wheel of the wagon. With the broad- 

 cast type of seeder more grain can be carried and the 

 operator rides. It also distributes the grain more uni- 

 formly, especially in a wind, than the endgate seeder. 



Drills generally have a force feed in the bottom of 

 the seed box. By this means the seed is constantly 

 being measured so that a uniform amount is dropped 

 through the spouts into the ground. In order that 

 the seed from a drill may be dropped into the ground, 

 a furrow must be opened which will permit the seed 

 to fall into it. To make this furrow there are four 

 different types of openers in use : the hoe, the shoe, 

 the single disk opener, and the double disk opener. 



The hoe is the least expensive design, but gathers 

 trash badly, is likely to break and seems to clog more 

 than the other designs. The shoe is a very satisfactory 

 style of opener, but will not penetrate hard ground. 

 Disk openers seem to be in the greatest demand at 

 present. They are not very troublesome about clog- 

 ging, will enter nearly all kinds of soil, and if properly 

 designed do not require many repairs. The single 

 disk penetrates the ground better than the double, but 

 is harder to pull. In some localities where fall seed- 

 ing is carried on very extensively the single disk is pre- 

 ferred to the double because it leaves the ground 

 rougher, and thus it catches the snow and breaks the 

 wind. The double disk leaves the ground smoother 

 and is often desired for this reason. 



Planters are generally spoken of as machines for 

 planting cotton, corn and potatoes. 



The Potato Planter is a new machine and is only 

 being developed; however, it is already being success- 

 fully used in many localities. 



Cotton Planters are either of the one-row or the 

 two-row type. The earlier planters simply drilled 



