BLACK RHINOCEROS 25 



have been to a considerable extent obliterated by wear. A third 

 specimen of the same general type is preserved in the Berlin Museum. 



The Abyssinian and the British Museum specimens have been 

 described in the Archives de Zoologie Experimental et Generate for 

 1907 by Baron de Rothschild and Mr. H. Neuville, who regard the 

 former as probably belonging to some unknown animal. All three 

 specimens show, however, the characteristic structure of ivory, and, 

 in my opinion, are abnormal cow-elephant tusks. 



Elephants present a structural peculiarity apparently unknown 

 in any other warm-blooded quadruped to wit, the absence of 

 a membranous bag, or pleurum, investing the lungs, which are con- 

 sequently in contact with the walls of the chest-cavity. This absence 

 of the lung-bag was first observed in the Indian species ; and the same 

 deficiency appeared to characterise an individual of the African 

 elephant which died in Paris, although this could not be ascertained 

 with absolute certainty. The subject was, however, mentioned in the 

 Field, and in December 1907 Mr. S. A. Barns wrote to that journal 

 as follows : 



" Some time ago I noticed in the Field a request to African big- 

 game hunters to note whether the lungs of the elephant are enclosed 

 in a bag of any kind or not. I have lately shot three bull elephants 

 in north-east Rhodesia, and, having carefully looked at the lungs of 

 each, can state positively that, apart from the diaphragm, the lungs are 

 enclosed in no kind of skin, but are held in place beneath the vertebra? 

 by strong tissues. Two long lobes run on each side of the back-bone 

 and directly beneath it, the larger part falling in its usual place." 



This settles the question. 



THE BLACK RHINOCEROS 



(Rhinoceros bicornis) 



Zivaart Rhenoster, CAPE DUTCH ; Upejana, ZULU AND MATABILI ; 

 'Sipejana, SWAZI AND MATONGA; Borele AND Keitloa, BECHUANA ; 

 Upelepi, BASUTO; C/tifambiri, ON THE LOWER ZAMBESI ; Munyi, 

 NDOROBO ; Faru, SWAHILI ; Wiyil, SOMALI ; Aurarisse, 

 ABYSSINIAN. 



(PLATE i, fig. i) 



Rhinoceroses, the horse tribe, and tapirs arc the sole existing 

 representatives of a group of hoofed, or ungulate, mammals known as 



