AFRICAN B UFFALO 7 1 



about the upper course of the Orange or Gariep river, we come to a 

 second subgroup, in which the horns, in place of curving immediately 

 inwards at the point of maximum span, curve at first backwards ; this 

 particular race being distinguished from the allied forms by the length 

 of the smooth tips of the horns, which exceeds the entire horn-length, 

 and likewise by the marked thickening of the basal portion of the 

 horns. 



Shorter tips, not exceeding one-third the total length, distinguish 

 the horns of the Ruaha race (B. c. ruahensis] of German East Africa, 

 in which the bases are as much thickened as in the preceding race. 



FlG. 24. African Buffalo (Ankoli race), from a specimen killed by 

 Mr. F. A. Knowles in Uganda. 



On the other hand, the Uganda buffalo (B. c. neuinanni], typically 

 from Changwe, has the bases of the horns flattened, and the short tips 

 diminishing rapidly in diameter, and directed mainly upwards, with a 

 very slight inward and backward direction, the greatest span being 

 directly below the tips. This buffalo is said to be very like the Sudan 

 race, from which it differs by the distinct backward sweep of the basal 

 portion of the horns. 



The last member of this group is the Cape buffalo (/>. c. typicus\ of 

 which the type locality is the valley of the Sunday river, not far from 

 Algoa Bay. In this race the horns do not show a prominent basal 

 boss, and their smooth tips diminish very rapidly in calibre, and are 



