8 4 CATTLE 



as on sighting an animal, probably at only a few yards' distance, he 

 will have little or no time to determine whether it is a bull or cow, 

 unless he can get a good view of its head. 



" With regard to character and temperament, I consider the buffalo 

 the pluckiest, and, when wounded, the most cunning and savage of all 

 game considered ' dangerous.' Out in the open, when a deliberate and 

 steady shot can be taken, and the bullet placed in the right spot, there 

 is little to fear, and it may be killed with a small-bore rifle, but, once 

 let it get into thick bush or long grass, a wounded buffalo is the most 

 awkward animal to deal with, and as trying to the nerves as the 

 keenest sportsman can desire." 



The following particulars regarding the dwarf, or red, Congo 

 buffalo were communicated by Major A. J. Arnold : 



" The dwarf buffalo, known in West Africa as the ' bush-cow,' 

 resembles in general appearance an Alderney cow in miniature. 

 Standing well under 4 feet at the shoulder, they are compact little 

 animals, with clean outlines, clean legs, and totally devoid of the heavy 

 look of the Cape buffalo. Their colour varies from the light red of 

 the younger animal, deepening through the warm rufous red of the 

 mature beast, to the deep dirty brown of the aged bull. The hair is 

 short, and lies evenly on the skin throughout ; but as old age creeps 

 on, it wears off the folds of the neck (which become more marked), the 

 shoulders and quarters, and deepens into a dark dirty brown easily 

 discernible in the herd even at a distance. The difference between 

 bull and cow is but slight, and lies chiefly in the bull possessing 

 slightly longer hair and in greater depth of barrel ; but even the bull 

 retains the characteristic lightness of the breed. 



" The following are the measurements of a cow : 



Height at withers . . 44 inches. 



croup . 46 

 Length along line laid on back from tip of nose to 



root of tail . . . . . . . 78 ,, 



Tail, total length . . . . .19^,, 



,, tuft only . . 3! 



Horns, outside curve . . . . .12^,, 



,, between tips . 1 1 



,, between palms . . . . . 4| ,, 



" The following are the measurements of an old bull's horns : 



Outside curve . . . . . . .19^ inches. 



Inside . . i 5 | 



Tip to tip . -15 



Width of palm ..... ?i -, 



