^ MANUAL 



Since first year pupils have had no training in scientific 

 methods, the experiments must necessarily be short and 

 simple. As far as possible, the following experiments 

 should be performed by the pupils, working individually, 

 or, if necessary, in small groups. We are convinced that 

 the training acquired by pupils in this way is much 

 greater than that obtained when the teacher demonstrates 

 all of the experiments. With the expenditure of a very 

 small amount of money, it is possible to purchase the 

 apparatus necessary for the equipment of a laboratory 

 for individual experimentation. 



Supplementary or alternative exercises are frequently 

 given. Since both experiments in such cases develop or 

 illustrate the same principle, it is not essential that both 

 be performed. Pupils should also be encouraged to devise 

 experiments of their own. If the laboratory sections are 

 very large, this latter feature is impractical. 



During the first part of the course it is advisable for 

 the teacher to read carefully the Directions with the 

 pupils. There are always some members of a class who 

 acquire with difficulty the ability to read, interpret, and 

 follow directions intelligently. A note book kept by each 

 pupil should contain records of most of the experiments 

 performed. The record of each experiment should 

 include : 



1. An account of the method used in performing the 

 experiment. 



2. A simple diagrammatic drawing of the apparatus 

 used. 



