14 FLORA OF THE YELLOWSTONE NATIONAL PARK. 



parks, meadows, regions above timber line, etc., and 180 square 

 miles for lakes and ponds, we will have a total of 483 square miles, 

 or about 14 per cent, of the area of the Park. We can there- 

 fore safely say that 86 per cent, of it is forest covered. 



GENERAL FLORA OF THE REGION. 



The flora of the Yellowstone Park, taken as a whole, is essen- 

 tially that of a mountain region, although at some -points on its 

 borders and along the low-lying dryer valleys of the main 

 streams are found a number of species which belong to the flora 

 of the plains or more arid regions. The flora of the portion 

 from 6000-8000 feet alt., which is mainly that of the larger open 

 areas, has pretty much the same character. Clematis Douglasii, 

 Hook.; Silene Douglasii, Hook. ; Gerastium arvense, L. ; Are- 

 naria congesta, Nutt., var. subcongesta, Wats. ; Geum triflorum, 

 Pursh. ; Carum Gairdneri, Benth and Hook. ; Galium boreale, 

 L. ; Balsamorrhiza sagittata, Nutt. ; Helianthella Douglasii, 

 T. and G. ; Achillea millefolium, L. ; Cnicus Drummondii, Gray ; 

 Troximon glaucum, Nutt. ; Campanula rotundifolia, L. ; Col- 

 linsia parviflora, Dougl., and Eriogonum umbellatum, Torr, 

 will be met with almost everywhere, and perhaps not so generally 

 distributed Lupinus serious, Pursh. ; several species of Astragalus 

 (A. alpinus, L. ; A. multiflorus, Gray ; A. campestris, Gray) ; 

 Solidago Missouriensis, Nutt., and S. canadensis, L. ; Aster 

 integrifolius, Nutt., and Frasera speciosa, Dougl. Two species 

 of Phlox, (P. canescens, T. and G.; P. Douglasii, Hook., var. 

 longifolia, Gray), and Penstemon (P. confertus, Dougl., var. 

 cseruleo-purpureus, Gray; P. glaber, Pursh.). Of the eight 

 species of Artemisia found within the Park but three (A. frigida, 

 Willd.; A. tridentata, Nutt.; A. cana, Pursh.), are common, the 

 two latter being the predominant species of the limited sage- 

 brush areas. Above 8000 feet will be found several Asters (A. 

 foliaceus, Lindl. ; A. Engelmanni, Gray ; A. elegans, T. and G.), 

 and Erigerons (E. salsuginosus, Gray; E. macranthus, Nutt.), 

 and along the timber Geranium incisum, Nutt., and G. Eichard- 

 sonii, Fisch. and Meyer. Scattered through the open woods will 

 be seen Arnica cordifolia, Hook. ; A. latifolia, Bong. ; Hiera- 



