224 SYNGENESIA. 



11. LAPSANA. . Involucre with scales at the base. Receptacle 

 naked (its inner leaves equal, channelled, Sm.). Pericarps de- 

 stitute of pappus (deciduous.) 



** CAPITATI. Corollas all tubular and generally spreading so as to 

 form an hemispherical head. (Cynarocephalce , Juss.) 



18. CARLINA. Involucre swelling, the exl. scales with nume- 

 rous spines; the inner ones coloured, scariose. Receptacle 

 chaffy. Pappus feathery. 



13. ARCTIUM. Involucre globose, each of its scales with an 

 incurved hook at the extremity. Receptacle chaffy. Pappus 

 simple. 



15. CARDUUS. Involucre swelling, imbricated with spinous 

 scales. Receptacle hairy. Pappus deciduous, roughish. 



16. CNICUS. Involucre swell ing, imbricated with spinous scales. 

 Receptacle hairy. Pappus deciduous, feathery. 



17. ONOPORDUM. Involucre swelling; its scales spreading and 

 sj>inous. Receptacle cellular. Pappus deciduous, rough. 



14. SERRATULA. Involucre cylindrical, imbricated with scales 

 that are not spinous. Receptacle chaffy. Pappus roughish or 

 feathery, rigid, persistent. 



(Centaur ea Jacea, POLYG. FRUSTR.) 



*** DISCOIDEI. Corollas all tubular, erect, crowded, forming a nearly 

 level top. (CorymbifercE, Juss.) 



20i EUPATORIUM. Involucre imbricated, oblong. Florets few. 

 Receptacle naked. Pappus rough. 



19. BIDENS. Involucre of many leaves, with many foliaceous 

 bracteas at the base. Receptacle plane, chaffy. Cor. sometim'es 

 radiant. Pericarps crowned with from 2 5 persistent awns, 

 which are rough with minute deflexed bristles. 



2. POLYGAMIA SUPERFLUA. 



(Corymliferce, Juss.) 

 * DISCOIDEI. The rays of the Corollas obsolete. 



21. TANACETUM. Involucre hemispherical, imbricated. Recep- 

 tacle naked. Florets of the ray trifid, obsolete, sometimes 

 wanting. Pericarps crowned with a membranous margin or 

 Pappus. 



24. CONYZA. Involucre roundish, imbricated. Receptacle na- 

 ked. Florets of the ray 3-cleft. Pappus rough. 



23. GNAPHALIUM. Involucre imbricated, with (often) coloured 

 membranous scales. Receptacle naked. Florets of the ray 

 subulate; some of the disk occasionally abortive. Pappus 

 rough. 



22. ARTEMISIA. Involucre ovate or rounded, imbricated. Re- 



