ACOTYLEDONS. LICHENS. LeCCUlOra. 49 



9. L. tartarea 9 crust (artareous with clustered granules greyish 

 white, apothecia scattered, disk plano-convex a little wrinkled 

 flesh -colour, the Inargin inflexed at length waved. Ach. Syn. 

 Lich. p. 172. Lichen t&rtareus, Lightf. p. 811. E. B. 

 t. 156. 



y. crust thin glaucous white running out into papillae and spinu- 

 liferous branches. Lichen frigidus, E. B. t. 1879. 



HAB. Most abundant upon rocks, especially in the alpine districts. 

 /3. on the ground, mosses, c. 



This is the famous Cudbear (so called after a Mr. Cuthbert, who first 

 brought it into use) employed to produce a purple for dyeing wool- 

 len yarn ; and no where, perhaps, used to so great an extent 

 as in the manufactory of Mr. Mackintosh at Glasgow. The manu- 

 facturers import it largely from Norway, where it grows more abun- 

 dantly than with us ; yet in the Highland districts many an indus- 

 trious peasant gets a living by scraping this- Lichen with an iron 

 hoop, and sending it to the Glasgow market. When I was in the 

 neighbourhood of Fort Augustus, in 1807, a person could earn 

 14.9. per week at this work, selling the material at 3s. 4d. the stone 

 of 22 Ibs. The fructified specimens are reckoned the best. 



10. L. vitellina, crust granulated bright yellow, apothecia 

 crowded, the disk plane of the same colour as the crust at 

 length convex deeper coloured and powdery, the margin ele- 

 vated thin at length waved pulverulent. Ach. Syn. Lich. 

 p. 174. Lichen vitellinus> E. B. t. 1792. L. candelarius, a. 

 Lightf. p. 800. 



HAB. On pales and smooth wood exposed to the weather, common, 

 Light/., Hopk. 



ILL. erythrella, crust cracked subrugose greenish yellow, apo- 

 thecia at length subglobose deep orange shining, when the 

 entire margin becomes obliterated. Ach. Syn. Lich. p. 175. 

 E.B.t. 1993. 



HAH. On stone walls near Killin, at the head of LochTay, Mr. Tur- 

 ner and Hook. 



ttttt Disk of the Apothecia red. 



12. L. fuvra, crust submembranaceous smooth at length un- 

 equal pulverulent and granular white, apothecia crowded, the 

 disk concave red, margin tumid inflexed crenulate. Ach. 

 Syn. Lich. p. 177. Lichen Ulmi, E. B. t. 2218. 



HAB. 0n trunks of trees at the foot of Ben Lawers, Mr. Mackay. 



13. L. Hcematomma, crust tartareous pulverulent whitish, apo- 

 thecia imbedded scattered subcontinent, the disk scarlet rather 

 convex, the margin sometimes obliterated. Ach. Syn. Lich. 

 p. 178. Lich. H^ematomma, E. B. t. 486, and p. 223 

 (Lich. coccineus). 



HAB. Rocks on Salisbury craigs, Sir J. E. Smith. Rosslyn wood, and 



