58 ACOTYLEDONS. LICHENS. Stictd. 



and reticulated erect nearly plane laciniated, its segments 

 multifid crisped crenato-dentate and often warted at the points, 

 apothecia pale flesh -colour their margin crenulated. Ach. Sy?i. 

 Lick. p. 228. Lichen nivalis, E. B. I. 1994. 



HAD. Native of Scotland, Dr. R. Townson, Smith in E. B. Rocks in 

 Scotland, Ben Lawers. Summit of Cairngorum, Hook. 



Fructification, I believe, never found with us. 



5. C. islandica, thallus rlive brown paler beneath, the segments 

 erect sublinear multifid channelled smooth dentato-ciliate, the 

 fertile branches spreading, apothecia appressed plane of the 

 same colour, their margin elevated entire. Ach. Syn. Lich. 

 p. 229. Lichen islandicus, Light/', p. 829. E. E. t. 13,30. 



HAB. Rocky places. Upon most of, if not all, the lofty Highland moun- 

 tains ; but never, that I am aware of, bearing apothecia with us. 



Though plentiful with us, it is scarcely sufficiently so to form an article 

 of commerce. A great proportion of what comes to our shops, 

 where it is in great request as a medicine in coughs, consumptions, 

 &c., is procured from Norway or from Iceland. Immense quantities 

 are gathered in the latter country, not only for sale, but for home 

 consumption, as an article of common food. The bitter and purga- 

 tive quality being extracted by steeping in water, the Lichen is 

 dried, reduced to powder, and made into a cake, or boiled and 

 eaten with milk ; and eaten with thankfulness, too, by the poor 

 natives, who -confess " that a bountiful Providence sends them 

 bread out of the very stones." 



20. STICTA. 



Universal receptacle foliaceous, coriaceo- cartilaginous, spreading, 

 lobed, free and pubescent beneath, with little cavities or hol- 

 low spots. Partial recept. scutclliform, formed of the thallus 

 beneath, appressed and fixed to it by a central point ; its disk 

 coloured, plane, surrounded by the margin of the crust, which 

 reaches beyond it. 



1. S. crocata, thallus dark glaucous brown pitted with broad 

 rounded spreading entire lobes having bright lemon colotned 

 powdery spots upon the margin and on the elevated parts be- 

 tween the pits, downy and tawny beneath with minute lemon 

 coloured little hollows, apothecia scattered blackish brown 

 their margin entire. Ach. Syn. Lich. p. 232. Luhen cro- 

 catus, E.B.t. 2110. 



HAB. " On rocks in the Highlands," Dickson. Upon trees, rare, in 

 the Duke of Argyle's grounds, Inverary, Mr. Turner and Hook. 



2. S. pulmonaria, thallus olivaceous pitted and reticulated, 

 downy beneath with smooth prominences, the segments sinuato- 

 lobate truncated, apothecia biibmarginal plane reddish their 

 margin rugose. Ach. Syn. Lich. p. 233 (S. pulmonacea). 

 Lichen pulmonarfitoy Light/', p. 831. E,. B. t. 5/2 (too green). 



