300 CAMPANULA. ^CLASS V. ORDER I. 



7. C. Trache'lium, Linn. (Fig. 373.) Nettle-leaved Bell-flower. 

 Stem angular, simple; leaves hispid, coarsely and doubly serrated, 

 cordate lanceolate, petiolated ; raceme of a few stalked axillary flowers ; 

 segments of the calyx ovate lanceolate, erect. 



English Botany, t. 12. English Flora, vol. i. p. 293. Hooker, 

 British Flora, vol. i. p. 117. Lindley, Synopsis, p. 136. 



Root somewhat woody. Stem erect, simple, acutely angular, from 

 two to three feet high, leafy, of a reddish purple colour, rough, with 

 coarse spreading hairs. Leaves alternate, somewhat rugose and rough, 

 with rigid hairs, especially on the mid-rib, and branched veins on the 

 tinder side, the margins coarsely and irregularly crenated, the lower 

 leaves on footstalks of variable lengths, ovate lanceolate, heart-shaped 

 at the base, and tapering at the point, the upper leaves on short foot- 

 stalks, or sessile, ovate lanceolate. Inflorescence a terminal leafy 

 raceme, of a few large blue flowers, arising from the axis of the ovate 

 lanceolate crenated bractea, the flower stalk simple, sometimes branched, 

 and bearing two or three flowers, short, angular, rough. Calyx large, 

 of fa've ovate lanceolate erect veiny segments, rough, especially towards 

 the base. Corolla large, spreading, scattered over both on the external 

 and internal surface, with long spreading hairs, the segments lanceo- 

 late, spreading, fringed with slender hairs. Stamens short, hairy. 

 Filaments dilated into angular valves at the base, closing over the short 

 tube of the corolla, slender above. Anthers short, oblong. Pistil 

 nearly as long as the corolla, thickened upwards. Stigma three-cleft, 

 recurved. Capsule ovate, three celled, many seeded. 



Habitat.^Woods, not unfrequent in England ; old walls. Mug- 

 doch Castle, near Glasgow, Scotland. Mr. Hopkirk. Between 

 Glasnevin and Finglass. Dr. Brinkley. River side below Innis- 

 trogue, County of Kilkenny, Ireland. Mr. Templeton. 



Perennial ; flowering in July and August. 



The English name of this plant is from the resemblance of the leaves 

 to those of a nettle; its hairs are also almost as pungent, but they are 

 not venomous. Formerly a decoction of its leaves was thought useful 

 in inflammatory affections of the throat and mouth ; hence its specific 

 name of Trachelium. It is, however, we believe, not now used for that 

 purpose; it contains an acrid milky juice, and may have been useful 

 as a stimulating gargle. It is cultivated as a border flower, and is 

 very ornamental, the flowers often becoming very double, and some- 

 times quite white. 



** Flowers sessile, spiked, or collected into a terminal head. Capsule 

 opening by lateral pores. 



8. C. glomera'ta, Linn. (Fig. 374.) clustered Bell-flower. Stem 

 angular, simple, tairy, or smooth ; leaves oblong lanceolate, rough, 



