CLASS V. ORDER I.] VIOLA. 319 



arising from the base, and scarcely branched, sometimes the leaves are 

 longer than broad, with an acute point, which is the variety /3. uliginosa 

 of Fries. Flowers on somewhat angular footstalks, with a pair of 

 lanceolate bractea embracing the stem mostly more than half way up, 

 generally toothed, or with glandular hairs. Calyx of five obtuse seg- 

 ments, slightly extending beyond the insertion. Corolla with a short 

 obtuse spur at the base, inodorous, of a pale blue colour, with purple 

 penciled lines, especially the lower one, and quite smooth, or slightly 

 hairy at the base, but the lateral ones have not a distinct line of hairs, 

 the upper petals rounded, the lower one with an acute point. Stamens 

 nearly sessile, of two longtitudinal cells, opening towards the apex, and 

 with a thin lanceolate membrane extended beyond them, having an 

 orange-coloured point. Stigma obliquely truncated, not pointed and 

 curved, as in the above species. Capsule smooth, bluntly angular. 

 Seeds numerous. 



Habitat. Bogs and marshy places ; frequent in the North of 

 England and Scotland, less common in the South ; and in Ireland not 

 unfrequent. 



Perennial ; flowering from April to July. 



** Furnished with a Stem. 



4. V. Cani'na, Linn. (Fig. 387.) Dog's Violet. Stem procumbent, 

 at length ascending, channeled, smooth, or slightly hairy ; leaves 

 oblong, heart-shaped, acute; calyx segments lanceolate, accumulate; 

 stipules lanceolate, with long ciliated teeth at the base; bractea awl- 

 shaped, entire. 



English Botany, t. 620. English Flora, vol. i. p. 304. Hooker, 

 British Flora, vol. i. p. 121. Lindley, Synopsis, p. 35. 



0. minor, (Fig. 388 ) V. Jlavicornis, Smith. English Flora, vol. i. 

 p. 305. Forester in English Bot. Supplement, t. 2736. 



y. lactea. Stem ascending ; leaves ovate-lanceolate, smooth ; stipules 

 toothed. V. lactea, Smith. English Botany, t. 445. English Flora, 

 vol. i. p. 306. Hooker, British Flora, vol. i. p. 121. Lindley, 

 Synopsis, p. 35. V. lancifolia, Thore. and De Candolle makes it a 

 variety of V. montana of Linn. It appears to be the V. lactea of 

 Reichenb. V. persicifolia, Hartm. V. stagnina, Kilaibel in Schult. 



Root somewhat woody, with long branched fibres. Stems mostly 

 numerous from the same root, and spreading around it, the first flowers 

 mostly blow without any stem, but then shortly appear, and are pros- 

 trate at the base, and gradually curving round, until erect at the 

 extremities, smooth, or scattered with hairs, angular, extending from 

 two to six or eight inches long, branched in the lower part, leafy. 

 Leaves alternate, quite smooth, or scattered over with hairs, the 

 margins crenated, the under side paler than the upper, and somewhat 

 glaucous, with a mid-rib jmd branched slender veins, the lower or 

 radical leaves kidney-shaped, or broadly heart-shaped, becoming 



