320 VIOLA. [CLASS V. OKDEll 1. 



oblong, with a broadish point and scarcely heart-shaped base, each on 

 a long channeled footstalk, arising from between a pair of lanceolate 

 stipules, each having a mid-rib, and the margins with long hair-like 

 teeth. JFlotvers solitary, axillary, on long angular stalks. Bractea 

 awl-shapeJ, entire above the middle of the stalk. Calyx of five lineal- 

 lanceolate acutely pointed segments, scarcely extended at the base 

 beyond the insertion, each with a mid-rib and two more or less distinct 

 lateral ones. Corolla mostly large, of a pale blue, white at the base, 

 and with dark purple simple and branched lines, spur obtuse, and 

 mostly of a greenish white, the upper petals mostly entire, with a few 

 hairs at the base, either in a tuft or in lines, the lower one smooth, and 

 generally notched. Anthers nearly sessile, surrounding the pistil, the 

 two lower with curved appendages at their base behind, which extend 

 into the spur, and are scattered over with glands, the cells long, linear, 

 having a thin membranous lanceolate appendage, coloured with orange^ 

 extending beyond them, which seems for the purpose of forming a 

 channel to direct the discharged pollen to the stigma at their extremity. 

 Style curved at the base, thickening upwards. Stigma recurved of 

 two plates, surrounded at the base with a few short white hairs. 

 Capsule oblong, of three obtuse angular valves. Seeds numerous, 

 ovate, of a white shining satin appearance, attached by their extremity 

 to the inner angle of the valves, and thrown some distance from the 

 plant when ripe, by the sudden separation of the valves. 



Habitat. Woods, banks, thickets, and dry places; frequent. 



Perennial; flowering from April to August. 



The Dog's Violet is readily distinguished from the sweet one, by 

 the absence of that fragrance which renders the other so great a 

 favourite, and by this having also stems, which are wanting in F. 

 odorata. These are the two most obvious characters, and at once 

 distinguish them from each other; but there are numerous states of 

 this plant which appear to depend on their situation of growth, that 

 differ in several respects from each other, as being larger or smaller 

 plants, smooth, or hairy ; and the flowers also differ greatly in their 

 size and the intensity of their colour. The most marked of these 

 varieties is the F. flavicornis, which has a small yellowish spur; in 

 other respects, except its smaller size and more rigid habit, it is the 

 same as above described. 



5. F. tricolor, Linn. (Fig. 389.) Pansey Violet, or HearCs Ease. 

 Stem ascending, angular, branched; leaves deeply crenated, the lower 

 ovate, heart-shaped, the upper oblong; stipules lyrate, pinnatifid; 

 calyx segments shorter than the corolla. 



English Botany, t. 1287. English Flora, vol. i. p. 306. Hooker, 

 British Flora, vol. i. p. 121. Lindley, Synopsis, p. 30. 



a. rulgaris. Corolla longer than the ca>yx of a violet, blue, purple, 



