720 UUBUS. [CLASS XII. OIIDER III 



1. Leaves pinnate. 



1. R. idafus, Linn. (Fig. 815.) Raspberry. Stem erect, round, 

 downy; prickles slender; leaves with three or five ovate leaflets, 

 coarsely serrated, white and downy beneath ; petals erect, ovate, wedge- 

 shaped, as long as the calyx. 



English Botany, t. 2442. English Flora, vol. ii. p. 408. Hooker, 

 British Flora, ed. 3. vol. i. p. 246. Lindley, Synopsis, p. 92. 



Root with creeping suckers. Stem erect, biennial, from three to 

 four feet high, round, at first downy, becoming of a pale purplish 

 brown, and more or less numerously scattered over with slender almost 

 needle-like prickles, which are easily rubbed away, and sometimes they 

 are altogether wanting. Leaves pinnate, the common footstalk long, 

 channeled above, downy, and scattered over with pale slender prickles, 

 and bearing near the base a pair of linear stipules. Leaflets three or 

 five, the lateral pairs nearly sessile, ovate lanceolate, white and downy 

 beneath, nearly smooth and green above, the margins coarsely, acutely, 

 and somewhat irregularly cut and serrated, the terminal leaflet largest, 

 ovate, sometimes in the upper leaves the lateral ones are united to the 

 middle one, and then it has a tri-lobed appearance. Flowers in small 

 terminal clusters, drooping on slender more or less prickly stalks. 

 Calyx ovate lanceolate, with a long tapering point, downy, and some- 

 times prickly, spreading. Petals erect, narrow, ovate, wedge-shaped, 

 white. Stamens numerous, with awl-shaped filaments. Styles nu- 

 merous, with a bifid stigma, the germen clothed with white shining 

 hairs. Fruit scarlet, ovate, formed of numerous small nuts, enveloped 

 in succulent coverings, placed upon a dry conical receptacle, very 

 fragrant, with a sweet acidity. 



Habitat. Woods, especially in the North of England, Scotland, and 

 Ireland. 



Shrub; flowering in May and June. 



The Raspberry is a well known cultivated shrub, requiring a shady 

 situation or planting in close rows in an open situation. It is a native 

 of most parts of Europe in the mountainous districts, and it is found 



several years, gays, " I am bound to declare that I can come to no other con- 

 clusion than that with which I first started, namely, that we have to choose 

 between considering the four first named plants (R. sulerectvs, corylifolivs, 

 frvticosus, ccesius,} the only genuine British species, or adopting in a great 

 measure the characters of the learned German Botanists, who have so much 

 distinguished themselves in the elaboration of the genus. So clear is my opinion 

 on this point, that, if it had been possible to prove the four species to which I 

 have alluded to be themselves physiologically distinct, I should at once have 

 reduced all the others to their original places ; but as it is in the highest degree 

 uncertain whether R. fiuticosus, corylifoiius, and ca-sius, are not as much 

 varieties of each other as those which it would be necessary to reject, I have 

 thought it better to steer a middle course, until some proof shall have been 

 obtained either one way or the other. Lixdley's Synopsis, p. 91. 



