10 



are good only for fuel and manure. ^The green plant is good fodder, and well- 

 to-do zamindars sometimes sow maize thick like chari in order to supply 

 green food to the cattle in the hot weather. " It is then sown very early in the 

 hot weather." The area under maize in kharif 1910 was 1,206,6-15 acres. The 

 districts having the largest acreage were 



Acres, 



Kangra ... ^7 ... ^ 165,452 



Hoshiarpur ... ,,. ... ... 161,l4i9 



Ambala ... ... ... ... 96,283 



Jullundur ... ... ... ... 85,929 



Sialkot ... ... ,., ... 79,234 



Gurdaspur ... ... .. .,. 72,992 



Lyallpur ... ... ... ... 70,752 



21. Sorghum vulgare : natural order, Graminece. For botanical des* 



cription see Field and Garden Crops, 

 page 25, and plate VI, 



Chemical composition of grain 



Per cent. 

 Water ... ... ".., ... 12-5 



Albuminoids .,. ... ... ... 9'3 



Starch ... ... ... ... 72-3 



Ull ... ... ... ... ... <g'U 



Fibre ... .., ... ... ... 2'2 



Dr. Voelcker's analysis of the straw, which shows that it is more nour 

 ishing than turnips (see paragraph 59), as given in Field and Garden Crops, 

 is as follows ; 



Per cent. 

 Water . . ... ... 85-17 



Flesh forming matters ... ... ... 2'55 



Fatty and heat producing matters ... ... ll'll 



Inorganic matters ... .., ... ... I'll 



If jowdr is grown for grain, it is sown sparsely, 8 to 12 sers of seed 

 being used to the acre. If fodder (chari} only is wanted, 30 to 40 sers will be 

 used. In Gurgaon it is sometimes sown moderately thick so as to secure some 

 grain as well as the chari, and then 15 sers of seed go to the acre. Jowdr is 

 grown largely for grain in the five southern districts of the Delhi division, 

 and in some districts of the Multan division, especially Dera Ghazi Khan. 

 Except in Dara Ghazi Khan the grain is little used as a food for cattle and 

 horses. Tie dry stalks (tdnda, karoi) are excellent fodder, and are usually 

 chopped up and mixed with the bhusa of kharif pulses, etc. In Lahore " if 

 fodder is plentiful, the stalks are thrown down whole, and the cattle eat half, 

 leaving the harder ends. ' If owing to drought the plant withers, it is very 

 dangerous for cattle, and to eat it may have fatal results. In Hissar the husks 

 (ooda), after the grain has been beaten out, are fed to cattle, mixed with pdla. 

 The stalks when green contain a good deal of sugar and are much appreciated 

 as fodder. Part of the crop is cut in October while still green. A variety 

 known as "mithi jowar " is mentioned in the Gazetteer of the Lower Chenab 

 Canal Colony, page 82, " which is eaten with avidity by cattle, while its 

 stalks are chewed like sugarcane by the Janglis, who call it ganna (cane)." 

 In some districts some jowdr is sown thickly on irrigated land very early in 

 the hot weather so as to secure a supply of green food in June and July. 

 This is called Hdri or Hard. The ordinary sowing season is July. Owing to 

 the way in which jowdr is cultivated it is difficult to place very great reliance 



