14 



the coarse sdnthi rice is said to be better fodder than that of the fine ziri rice. 

 It is noted that when, owing to want of water, the crop produces no grain, the 

 straw, which is then known as marain, is an " excellent fodder " (Hissar 

 Gazetteer, page 173). The area under the many varieties of rice was returned 

 in kharif 1910 as 712,8-13 acres. The districts having the largest acreage 

 under this crop were 



Acres. 

 Kangra ... ... ... ... 119,995 



Sialkot ... ... ... ... 64,800 



Dera Ghazi Khan ... ... ... ... 68,588 



Ambala ... ... ... ... 61,984 



Gujranwala ... ... ... ... 59,606 



Gurdaspur ... ... ... ... 50,707 



Muzaffargarh ... ... ... ... 47,963' 



Karnal... ... ... ... ... 47,153 



29. JEleusine coracana: natural order, Graminecs. For botanical descrip- 



._ . tion sec Food and Garden Crops, part II, 



MaadwB, synonyms, mandal, koda, cnalodhra (Guj- _ rt , , , _-.^__ TT __ * Lf 



rat), mandan (small variety). page 10, and plate XXVIII. Chemical 



composition of husked grain 



Per cent. 

 Water ... ... ... ... .., 13-2 



Albuminoids ... ... ... ... 7'3 



Starch ... 7.. ... ... ... 73'2 



Oil ... ... ... ... ... 1*5 



Fibre '... 7 ... ... ... 2'5 



Under the name of rdgi it is largely grown as a food crop in Southern India. 

 The total area in the Punjab in kharif 1910 was returned as 22,035 acres, and 

 two-thirds of this came from the hill districts of Kangra and Simla. The only 

 other districts with areas exceeding 1,000 acres were Karnal (1,220), Sialkot 

 (1,444), and Rawalpindi (1,460). The grain is very inferior food, but useful 

 to poor people. According to the Simla Gazetteer, page 66, the straw is fed 

 to cattle and " is said to be very sweet." In Karnal its cultivation as a dry 

 crop expands a good deal in dry seasons, as it is sown in fields intended for 

 the fine ziri rice, when the latter cannot be planted out owing to the drought. 

 There " the Ihus is yery bad fodder, and is generally burnt as it stands or grazed 

 down" (Gazetteer, edition of 1890, page 204). The wild grass, Eleusine flagel- 

 lifera, which is the chhimliar of the Western Punjab, and the gathil of Karnal, 

 is a useful fodder plant. Other wild species of eleusine, which are fodder 

 grasses, will be found noted on pages 56-9 of Duthie's " Fodder Grasses of 

 Northern India." 



30. Paspalimi scrobiculatum : natural order, Grcmiineee. For botanical 



description see Field and Fodder Crops, 

 part II, page 8, and plate XXVII. 



The chemical composition of the husked grain is given on page 40 of the " Food 



Grains of India." 



This poor millet is a favourite crop in parts of the United Provin ces 

 and is grown there on inferior outlying lands. It appears to be grown to some 

 extent in the Simla Hills and elsewhere (Punjab Products, page 238), and may 

 lie confused in our returns with koda (Eleusine coracana). In the list of crops 

 on page 116 of the Hosh'iarpur Gazetteer mandal (Eleusine coracana) and kodra 

 are shown separately, but tlje botanical name of kodra is also given as Eleusine 

 coracana. It is stated on page 1 of Duthie's " Fodder Grasses of Northern 

 India " that the grain is chiefly consumed by the lower classes, and that the 

 straw is used as fodder. 



