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THE FORAGE AND FIBER CROPS IN AMERICA 



3. Turnips 



Type: Common; hybrid; cowhorn; rutabaga. 



Shape: Flat; round; globular; tankard; long: smooth; forked; rough: uni- 

 form in width; tapering. 



Top: Flat; round; purple; bronze; green-yellow; white. 



Color of skin: White; yellowish. Color of flesh: White; yellowish. 



4. General 



Neck: Long; medium; short; absent. 

 Shoulders: Square; round: prominent; slight. 

 Crown: Single; multiple. 



Length : Total ; above ground ; below ground ; 



Percentage of root below surface 



Greatest circumference 



Distance plants may be asunder in rows 



Disease: Present; absent. Give name. 

 Average weight of four specimens 



388. INCREASE OF DRY MATTER IN MANGEL-WURZELS BY SELECTION. Require 

 students to select three mothers from a pile of not less than 25 roots, giving 

 attention to the following external characters: 



Size, not less than two pounds; crown, single; neck, small; shoulders, con- 

 vex; dimples, shallow and well supplied with fine roots, which readily break 

 off when root is harvested; tap root, single. 



Core each with a trier. Extract a core with a cheese trier from each root 

 in a slanting direction from the shoulder. Place each core in a small porcelain 

 dish of known weight and weigh at once. Dry in a hot water oven until 

 constant weight is obtained. Determine weight of residue, and calculate per- 

 centage of dry matter. Plug the hole in the root with cotton batting which 

 has been dipped in a solution of formalin. If up to a given standard say 12 

 per cent, dry matter bury roots in sand in a dry, cool, well-ventilated cellar. 



389. DETERMINATION OF SPECIFIC GRAVITY OF ROOT AND JUICE. Require 

 students to sample a number of roots of which the following may be suggested: 



