APPLIED 

 SCIENCE FOR METAL-WORKERS 



CHAPTER I 

 SCIENCE AND THE PROPERTIES OF MATTER 



1. What Is Industrial Science? The practice of different 

 trades and crafts is based upon certain principles of science 

 which may be appropriately called applied science, industrial 

 science, or shop science. In the schools of college grade this 

 subject is called technology. While the names industrial 

 science and technology do not refer to any distinct science, 

 they may be said to cover that body of information con- 

 sisting of some of the laws and principles of physics, chem- 

 istry, botany, bacteriology, geology, and hygiene that 

 explains the practices of the different trades and industries. 



2. Classification of Scientific Knowledge. Physics is the 

 science which deals with those changes taking place in a 

 substance which do not destroy its identity. Physics ex- 

 plains the properties of matter, physical force, liquids, gases, 

 heat, magnetism, electricity, sound, and light. Thus, copper 

 is used in the form of sheets and wires. Therefore it must 

 possess properties that allow it to be hammered into sheets 

 and pulled or drawn into wire. Air may be compressed, that 

 is, "squeezed," into a small space and used to drive machines. 

 Liquids, on the other hand, are practically incompressible. 

 These are all physical properties. 



