FRICTIONAL OR STATIC ELECTRICITY 185 



time from the conductor to the knob of the jar and will then cease. 

 The jar is then said to be charged, that is, the coating on its inside 

 is fas full of electricity as it will hold. The jar can be charged only 

 when the outside is connected with the earth; if the 

 outside be insulated, no electricity can be collected in 

 it. It is enough to hold the outside of the jar in the 

 hand, as in this way it is connected with the earth 

 through the body. The positive charge from the con- 

 ductor then passes into the inside coating of the jar. 



219. Loss Due to Frictional Electricity. 



Frictional electricity causes considerable loss in 

 the manufacture of paper, cotton, wool, etc. When 

 the paper or material passes over machines, two 

 forms of electricity are generated, each with different prop- 

 erties of attraction. The result is that the fibers of the 

 paper, cotton, wool, etc., are scattered and made uneven be- 

 cause of the attraction of the electricity on the fibers to 

 the opposite electricity on the machine. 



220. Electric Neutralizes Frictional electricity may be 

 removed by attaching to the machine a device called a neu- 

 tralizer, which is really a transformer. 



This device may be bolted to the wall or ceiling in any convenient 

 place and serves to deliver the electric current in the proper form 

 to the various machines where the static electricity is to be neutral- 

 ized. A single line of heavily insulated wire leads from the trans- 

 former to the various points of treatment. This line may be run 

 along the ceiling over the machines or under the floor on which the 

 machines are set. On each machine is placed one or more inductors 

 connected to the line wire. The inductor is a steel tube of 1^2 in. 

 outside diameter and of suitable length to reach across the machines. 

 This tube is also slotted on one side from end to end and has a series 

 of porcelain blocks in the slot. These blocks contain the active 



