MAKING AND WORKING OF WROUGHT IRON 393 



metal, and is fastened to the chimney. In a modern shop, the 

 forge is operated by a suction draught. Fastened to the forge, 

 for the convenience of the smith, is a water and coal trough 

 and a rack for tongs. 



The anvil is a heavy body of cast or wrought iron with a 

 case-hardened steel face welded onto it. This steel face pre- 

 vents indentations being made in the anvil by hammering. 

 One end of the anvil is horn-shaped for the rounding and 

 shaping of small work. The opposite end contains two holes, 

 one square and one round, into which fit the ends of the 

 various anvil blocks. 



441. Blacksmith's Tools. The tools of the blacksmith 

 comprise hammers of various kinds, fullers, flatters, chisels, 

 tongs, and the hardy. The simplest and one of the most 

 useful tools is the sledge hammer which is employed for nearly 

 all striking done on the anvil. The hand-hammer is used to 

 bind the iron, while various other tools, such as the fuller, 

 are used for shaping it. The fuller, of which there are two 

 kinds top and bottom fullers is a half-round tool used to 

 draw or force out the heated metal to form grooves, and so on. 

 The top fuller has the appearance of a hammer, and is held 

 on the work by a handle; the bottom fuller is shaped like the 

 top one, but contains a stem which fits into the anvil. The 

 flatter is a broad-faced hammer used to dress and smooth 

 work after it has been drawn into shape by the use of hand- 

 hammers and fullers. Two kinds of chisels are generally 

 used a blunt one for cutting cold iron and a finer edged one 

 for cutting hot iron. They are usually made in the shape of 

 hammers, one side being forged and flat with a cutting edge 

 ground on it, and the other end shaped for striking purposes. 

 Another cutting tool is the hardy, which fits on the anvil. It 



