410 APPLIED SCIENCE 



470. Sugar Pine. The sugar pine is the largest pine tree in 

 the United States. Its wood resembles white pine, and the uses 

 of the two are similar. 



471. Balsam Fir. Balsam fir is the name of the tree that fur- 

 nishes the balsam fir lumber which is lumbered in the Northeast 

 and in the Lake states. 



472. Tupelo. Tupelo lumber is cut in the Gulf states from 

 cotton gum trees, commonly called tupelo, and is sold under that 

 name. Black gum (or pepperidge) is next in importance and is cut 

 in the Atlantic and Central states; the lumber is sold both as tupelo 

 and black gum. A little lumber is made from the water gum tree 

 of the Southern Atlantic states. 



473. Hickory. Several species of hickory are cut for lumber 

 in this country; the wood grows naturally nowhere else in the world. 

 The species most cut are shagbark, shellbark, and pignut. The 

 lower Mississippi and the Ohio valleys supply the bulk of the hickory 

 lumber. Industries which use the largest quantities of hickory 

 prefer it in the form of blanks, squares, etc., and it is consequently 

 usually more profitable to saw hickory into such dimension stock 

 than into lumber. 



474. Walnut. Walnut lumber is cut from the common black 

 walnut which grows throughout the eastern half of the country, 

 but is most abundant in the central states. 



Questions 



1. What is the grain of wood? 



2. To what are the peculiar figures and coloring'in wood due? 



3. What is hardwood? 



4. What is softwood? 



6. Name some of the common varieties of pine and tell how 

 they differ. 



6. What are seasoning cracks? How do they form? 



7. What is a forest tree? 



