THE HISTOEY OF .ANIMALS, 



BOOK THE FIRST. " 



CHAPTER I. 



1. SOME parts of animals are simple, and these can be 

 divided into like parts, as flesh into pieces of flesh ; others are 

 compound, and cannot be divided into like parts, as the 

 hand cannot be divided into hands, nor the face into faces. 

 Of these some are not only called parts, but members, such as 

 those which, though entire in themselves, are made up of 

 other parts, as the head and the leg, the hand and the entire 

 arm, or the trunk ; for these parts are both entire in them- 

 selves, and made up of other parts. 



2. All the compound parts also are made up of simple 

 parts, the hand, for example, of flesh, and sinew, and bone. 

 Some animals have all these parts the same, in others they 

 are different from each other. Some of the parts are the 

 same in form, as the nose and eye of one man is the same as 

 the nose and eye of another man, and flesh is the same with 

 flesh, and bone with bone. In like manner we may compare 

 the parts of the horse, and of other animals, those parts, that 

 is, which are the same in species, for the whole bears the same 

 relation to the whole as the parts do to each other. And in 

 animals belonging to the same class, the parts are the same, 

 only they differ in excess or defect. By class, I mean such as 

 bird or fish, for all these differ if either compared with their 

 own class or with another, and there are many forms of 

 birds and fishes. 



3. Nearly all their parts differ in them according to the 

 opposition of their external qualities, such as colour or 

 shape, in that some are more, others are less affected, or 



B 



