B. I.] THE HISTORY OF ANIMALS. 3 



this is the nature of most fishes. But there are others 

 which, though they live and feed in the water, do not take 

 :n water but air, and produce their young out of the water. 

 Many of these animals are furnished with feet, as the otter 

 and the latax 1 and the crocodile, or with wings, as the seagull 

 and diver, and others are without feet, as the water-serpent. 

 Some procure their food from the water, and cannot live out 

 of the water, but neither inhale air nor water, as the acalephe 3 

 and the oyster. 



7. Different aquatic animals are found in the sea, in rivers, 

 in lakes, and in marshes, as the frog and newt, and of 

 marine animals some are pelagic, some littoral, and some 

 saxatile. Some land animals take in and give out air, and 

 this is called inhaling and exhaling ; such are man, and all 

 other land animals which are furnished with lungs ; some, 

 however, which procure their food from the earth, do not 

 inhale air, as the wasp, the bee, and all other insects. 3 By 

 insects I mean those animals which have divisions in their 

 bodies, whether in the lower part only, or both in the upper 

 and lower. Many land animals, as I have already observed, 

 procure their food from the water, but there are no aquatic or 

 marine animals which find their food on land. There are 

 some animals which at first inhabit the water, but afterwards 

 change into a different form, and live out of the water ; this 



happens to the gnat in the rivers, and 4 which 



afterwards becomes an oestrum. 6 



8. Again, there are some creatures which are stationary, 

 while others are locomotive ; the fixed animals are aquatic, 

 but this is. not the case with any of the inhabitants of the 

 land. Many aquatic animals also grow upon each other ; 

 this is the case with several genera of shell-fish : the sponge 

 also exhibits some signs of sensation, for they say that it is 

 drawn up with some difficulty, unless the attempt to remove 

 it is made stealthily. Other animals also there are which 

 are alternately fixed together or free, this is the case with a 

 certain kind of acalephe ; some of these become separated 

 during the night, and emigrate. Many animals are separate 

 from each other, but incapable of voluntary movement, as 



1 Beaver,Castor fiber. 2 Medusa, or perhaps Actinia, or both. 

 8 Under the class fvrofjia are probably included all annulose animals. 

 * Some words appear to be lost in this place. 5 Tabami8,gad-fly. 



B 2 



