B. I,] THE HISTORY OF ANIMALS. 5 



the gregarious and solitary class, are limited to one locality, 

 others are migratory. There are also carnivorous animals, 

 herbivorous, omnivorous, and others which eat peculiar 

 food, as the bee and the spider ; the former eats only honey )^ 

 and a few other sweet things, while spiders prey upon flies * 

 and there are other animals which feed entirely on fish. Som* 

 animals hunt for their food, and some make a store, which 

 others do not. There are also animals which make habita- 

 tions for themselves, and others which do not. The mole, 

 the mouse, the ant, and the bee, make habitations, but many 

 kinds both of insects and quadrupeds make no dwelling. 



12. "With regard to situation, some are troglodite, as lizards 

 and serpents, others, as the horse and dog, live upon the sur- 

 face of the earth. Some kinds of animals burrow in the 

 ground, others do not ; some animals are nocturnal, as the owl 

 and the bat, others use the hours of daylight. There are 

 tame animals and wild animals. Man and the mule are al- 

 ways tame, the leopard and the wolf are invariably wild, and 

 others, as the elephant, are easily tamed. "We may, however, 

 view them in another way, for all the genera that have been 

 tamed are found wild also, as horses, oxen, swine, sheep, 

 goats, and dogs. 



13. Some animals utter a loud cry, some are silent, and 

 others have a voice, which in some cases may be expressed 

 by a word, in others it cannot. There are also noisy 

 animals and silent animals, musical and unmusical kinds, 

 but they are mostly noisy about the breeding season. Some, 

 as the dove, frequent fields, others, as the hoopoe, live 

 on the mountains ; some attach themselves to man, as the 

 pigeon. Some are lascivious, as the partridge and domestic 

 fowl, and others are chaste, as the raven, which rarely / 

 cohabits. 



14. Again, there are classes of animals furnished with 

 weapons of offence, others with weapons of defence ; in the 

 former I include those which are capable of inflicting an in- 

 jury, or of defending themselves when they are attacked ; in 

 the latter those which are provided with some natural pro- 

 tection against injury. 



15. Animals also exhibit many differences of disposition. 

 Some are gentle, peaceful, and not violent, as the ox. Some 

 are violent, passionate, and intractable, as the wild boar. Some 



