12 THE HISTOET OF AKLMALS. [B. I. 



The whole cavity, from the neck to the pudenda, is called 

 the trunk. That part of the head which is covered with 

 hair is called the cranium, the fore part of this is called the 

 sinciput. This is the last formed, being the last bone in 

 the body which becomes hard ; the hinder part is the occi- 

 put, and between the occiput and sinciput is the crown oi 

 the head. The brain is placed beneath the sinciput, and the 

 occiput is empty j 1 the cranium is a thin spherical bone covered 

 with a skin without flesh. The skull has sutures : in women 

 there is but one placed in a circle ; men have generally three 

 joined in one, and a man's skull has been seen without any 

 sutures at all. The middle and smooth part of the hair is 

 called the crown of the head ; in some persons this is double, 

 for there are some people double-crowned, not from any for- 

 mation of the bone, but only from the division of the hair. 



CHAPTER VIII. 



1. THE part immediately beneath the cranium is called the 

 face in mankind alone, for we do not speak of the face of a fish 

 or of an ox ; the part immediately beneath the sinciput and 

 between the eyes is called the forehead. Those in whom 

 this feature is large are tardy ; those who have a small fore- 

 head are easily excited ; a broad forehead belongs to those 

 w ^ are ^ a kl e * ^ e carr i e( i away by their feelings ; a round 

 forehead is a sign of a passionate disposition. 



2. Under the forehead are two eyebrows; if they are 

 straight, it is a mark of a gentle disposition ; the eyebrows 

 bent down to the nose are an evidence of an austere tem- 

 per ; if they incline towards the temples, of a mocker and 

 scoffer ; if they are drawn down, it is a sign of an envious 

 person. Beneath these are the eyes, which by nature are two 

 in number: the parts of each eye are,first, the upper and under 

 eyelid, the edges of which are furnished with hair. "Within 

 the eye, the moist part with which we see is called the pupil ; 

 round this is the iris, and this is surrounded by the white. 

 Two corners of the eye are formed at the junction of the eye- 

 lids, one in the direction of the nose, the other towards the 

 temple. If these corners are large, they are a sign of an evil 

 disposition ; if those near the nose are fleshy, and have a 

 swollen appearance, they are an evidence of wickedness. 

 1 This mistake is again repeated in Ch. xiii. 



