B. I.] THE HISTORY OF ANIMALS. 15 



centre A the jaws and the lips. The upper part is called 

 the roof of the mouth, the lower, the pharynx. The tongue 

 is the organ of taste. This sense resides in the tip, and, if 

 food is placed on the broad part of the tongue, the taste is 

 less acute. The tongue partakes of all the other sensations, 

 as harshness, heat, and cold, as well as that of taste, in com- 

 mon with the rest of the flesh. 



7. The flat part of the tongue is either narrow or moderate 

 in size, the moderate is the best, and most apt for clear elocu- 

 tion. The tongue may be either too loose, or tied down, as in 

 stammerers and inarticulate speakers. The flesh of the 

 tongue is porous and spongy. The epiglottis is a portion 

 of the tongue, the double part of the mouth is the tonsils ; 

 that in many divisions the gums, they are fleshy, and in 

 them are fixed the bony teeth. Within the mouth there is 

 another part, the uvula, a pillar filled with blood. If this part 

 is swelled with relaxation, it is called a grape, and chokes. 



CHAPTER X. 



1. THE neck is the part between the head and the trunk ; the 

 front part is called the larynx, behind this is the O3sophagus. 

 The voice and the breath pass through the front part, the 

 trachea, which is cartilaginous, but the oesophagus is fleshy, 

 and placed farther in, near the vertebra of the neck. The 

 back of the neck is called the epomis. These are the parts 

 as far as the thorax. The parts of the thorax are some be- 

 fore and some behind. First of all, below the neck is the 

 breast with two mammae ; on these axe two nipples, through 

 which the milk of the female passes. The mamma is porous. 

 There is also milk in the breasts of men. The flesh of the 

 mamma in men is thick, in women it is spongy and full of pores. 



2. The part below the thorax, in front, is the belly, and o4 

 this the navel is the centre. Beneath this centre, the part on 

 each side is called the iliac region ; the part in the centre, be- 

 neath the navel, is called the hypogastric region ; the lowest 

 part of this is called pubes ; above the navel is the epigas- 

 tric region ; the lumbar region is situated between the epi- 

 gastric and iliac regions. 



3. Of the hinder parts the loin forms the division of the 

 body, whence also its name is derived (60^$ quasi /Vopiig). 

 The part of the central region which is like a seat is the but- 



