B. I.] THE HISTOET OF ANIMALS. 17 



to the proportion of the legs. Those persons who hare a 

 short humerus have also generally a short thigh : those who 

 have small feet have also small hands. 



2. One of the double parts of the body is the arm. The parts 

 of the arm are the shoulder, humerus, elbow, cubitus, and the 

 hand ; the parts of the hand are the palm and five fingers ; the 

 jointed part of the finger is the condyle, the unjoin ted part 

 the phalanx. The thumb has but one joint, all the rest have 

 two. The bending of the arm and finger is always inwards. 

 The arm is also bent at the elbow : the inner part of 

 the hand is called the palm; it is fleshy, and divided 

 by strong lines. Long-lived persons have one or two lines 

 which extend through the whole hand ; short-lived persons 

 have two lines not extending through the whole hand. The 

 joint of the hand and arm is the wrist. The outside of the 

 hand is sinewy, and has not received any name. 



3. The other double part of the body is the leg. The 

 double-headed part of the leg is called the thigh, the move- 

 able part is called the patella, that which has two bones 

 the tibia ; the front of this part is the shin, the hind part 

 the calf of the leg. The flesh is full of sinews and veins ; in 

 those persons who have large hips, the flesh is drawn up- 

 wards towards the hollow part under the knee, in those who 

 have not it is drawn down. The lowest part of the shin is 

 the ankle, and this is double in each leg. The part of the 

 leg with many bones is called the foot, the hind part of w r hich 

 is the heel. The front part is divided into five toes ; the 

 under part, which is fleshy, is called the sole of the foot ; 

 the upper part, (the instep,) is sinewy, and has not re- 

 ceived any name. One part of the toe is the nail, the other 

 is the joint ; the nail is on the extremity of the toe, and the 

 toes are bent inwards. Those who have the sole of the foot 

 thick, and not hollow, but walk upon the whole of the foot, 

 are knavish. The common joint of the thigh and the leg is 

 the knee. 



CHAPTER XII. 



1. THESE parts are possessed in common by the male and fe- 

 male ; the position of the external parts, whether above or be- 

 low, before or behind, on the right side or the left, will appear 

 on mere inspection. It is necessary, however, to enumerate 



c 



