24 THE HISTOBY OP ANIAIALS. [B. II. 



BOOK THE SECOND. 



CHAPTER I. 



1. OP the parts of other animals some are common to them 

 all, as I have said before, and some belong to particular 

 classes, and they agree and differ in the manner often before 

 mentioned. For almost all animals which differ in kind, 

 have also their parts different in form, and there are some 

 which have only a proportionate resemblance, but differ in 

 kind, and others agree in kind, .but not in form, and many 

 parts belong to some which others have not. Viviparous 

 quadrupeds have a head and neck, and all the parts of the 

 head, but they differ from each other in their forms. The 

 lion has one bone in the neck, but has no vertebrae, and 

 when laid open its internal parts are like those of a dog. 



2. Viviparous quadrupeds have fore-legs instead of arms, 

 and in all quadrupeds, especially those which have the fore- 

 feet much divided, they are analogous to hands, for they 

 use them as hands, and the left legs are less at liberty than 

 in men, except in the elephant, and this animal has the toes 

 less perfectly jointed, and its fore-legs much larger than the 

 hind ones ; it has five toes, and short ankles to its hind legs. 

 It has a trunk of such a nature and length as to be able to 

 use it for a hand, and it drinks and eats by stretching this 

 into its mouth ; this also it lifts up to its driver, and pulls 

 up trees with it ; with this organ it breathes as it walks 

 through the water. The extremity of the proboscis is curved, 

 but without joints, for it is cartilaginous. 



3. Man is the only ambidextrous animal. All animals have 

 their chest analogous to man, but not similar to his, for he 

 has a wide chest, and theirs is narrow : no animal but man 

 has pectoral mammae ; the elephant has two mammae, but not 

 on the breast, though they are in that direction. 



4. All animals, excepting the elephant, bend both their 

 fore and hind legs in contrary directions, and also contrary 

 to the way in which a man's limbs are bent. ' For in vivi- 

 parous quadrupeds, except the elephant, the joints of the 



