26 THE HISTORY OF ANIMALS. [B II. 



CHAPTER II. 



1. WHATEVER parts a man has before, a quadruped has be- 

 neath : those that are behind in man, form the quadruped's 

 back ; most animals have a tail, the seal has a small one, like 

 that of a stag ; hereafter we shall speak of apelike animals. 

 All viviparous quadrupeds are, so to say, rough, with hair, 

 and not like man, who, except on his head, has not much hair 

 on his body, and what there is, is very fine ; but his head is 

 more massy than that of other animals. 



2. And all creatures that have their upper part rough 

 with hair, are quite smooth, or only slightly rough beneath ; 

 but man is contrary to this : and again, each eyelid in man 

 is furnished, with lashes, and he has hair, on the cheek, and 

 pubes ; other animals are not so furnished, having no hair 

 on the lower eyelid, or only a few hairs under the eyelid. 



3. But some hairy quadrupeds are rough all over, as the 

 hog, the bear, and the dog ; the neck of others is the roughest 

 part, as in those which have a mane, like the lion ; in others 

 which have a mane, the back of the neck from the head to 

 the point of the shoulder is hairy, as the horse and the mule, 

 and among wild animals with horns, the bonassus. The 

 hipellaphus, 1 as it is called, has a mane upon the point of 

 its shoulder, and so has the pardium, 2 though both these 

 have a thin mane from the head to the shoulder, and the 

 hipellaphus has a beard upon its larynx. 



4. Both of these are horned, and have a cloven hoof: the 

 female hipellaphus has no horns, it is about the size of a 

 stag ; there are hipellaphi in the country of the Arachotse, 

 where also are buffaloes. The wild differ as much from do- 

 mesticated oxen, as wild hogs from tame ones; for they 

 are black, and of great strength ; their nose is curved like 

 an eagle's beak, and their horns lie backwards ; the horns of 

 the hipellaphus are very like those of the dorcas : 3 the ele- 

 phant is the least hairy of all quadrupeds. The tails of ani- 

 mals are like their bodies in roughness, and smoothness, in 

 as many as have tails in proportion to their size, for some 

 have very small tails. 



1 Perhaps Nylghau (Liddel and Scott's Lexicon), or some large kind 

 of Stag. 2 Cameleopard. (Schneider.) 



3 Gazelle or antelope, so named from the brightness of its eyes. 



