38 THE HISTOKY OF ANIMALS. [B. TX, 



four, all divided except the last, as the cichle, 1 perca, 2 glanis, 3 

 and cyprinus ; 4 all the galeodea have five double branchiaon 

 each side, the xiphias 5 has eight, which are double. This is 

 the manner and number of the branchia of fishes. 



5. And fish differ in other respects besides their gills, for 

 they have no hair like viviparous quadrupeds, nor scaly 

 plates like oviparous quadrupeds, nor feathers like birds, but 

 the greater number of them are covered with scales ; some of 

 them are rough, and a very few are smooth. Some cartila- 

 ginous fishes are rough, others smooth. Congers, eels, and 

 tunnies are smooth. All fish except the scarus have pointed 

 teeth, and all have sharp teeth, some several rows of them, and 

 teeth on the tongue ; they have also a hard prickly tongue, so 

 united to the mouth as sometimes to appear without a tongue. 



6. The mouth of some fishes is wide, like viviparous quad- 

 rupeds. They have no external organs of sense, nor even 

 passages for smelling or hearing ; but all have eyes without 

 eyelids, though their eyes are not hard. All fishes are san- 

 guineous ; some are oviparous, others viviparous ; all those 

 that are covered with scales are oviparous. The cartilagi- 

 nous fishes are all viviparous, except the batrachus. 



CHAPTER X. 



1. THE remaining class of sanguineous animals is that of 

 serpents ; these partake of both characters. The greater 

 portion of them inhabit the land, a few inhabiting water are 

 found in rivers. There are also serpents in the sea very like 

 those on land, except in their head, which is more like that 

 of the conger. There are many genera of sea-serpents, and 

 they are of all kinds of colours ; they do not exist in the 

 deepest part of the ocean. Serpents are apodal, like fishes. 



2. There are also marine scolopendra}, 6 very like those on 

 land, but rather less ; they live in rocky places ; in colour 

 they are redder, and they have more feet, and slighter legs 

 than in the terrestrial species. These also, like the ser- 

 pents, are not found in deep places. 



3. And there is a small fish which lives among the rocks, 

 which some call echineis ; 7 some people use it for trials 

 and philtres ; it is not fit for food. Some people say it 



1 A variegated fish. 2 Perca fluviatilis. 3 Silurus glanis. 



4 Cyprinus carpis, Carp. b Xiphias gladius, Swordfish. 



9 Nereis, or aphrodite. 7 Echeneis remora. 



