B. IT.] THE HISTOEY OF ANIMALS. 79 



horns, much shorter and smoother than in the carabus ; four 

 others of the same form as these, but still shorter and 

 smoother ; and above these are placed its eyes, which are 

 small and short, and not large like those of the carabus. 

 The part above the eyes is acute and rough, as it were a 

 forehead, and larger than in the carabus : on the whole, 

 the head is sharper and the thorax much wider than 

 in the carabus, and its whole body is more fleshy and soft : 

 of its right feet, four are divided at the extremity, and four 

 not divided. 



9. The part called the neck is externally divided into five 

 portions, the sixth and last division is wide and has five plates ; 

 in the inside are four rough plates, upon which the females 

 deposit their ova. On the outside of each of these which 

 have been mentioned, there is a short and straight spine, 

 and the whole body, with the part called the thorax, is 

 smooth, and not rough as in the carabus. On the outside 

 of the large feet there are great spines. The female does 

 not in any way differ from the male, for whether the male 

 or female have larger claws, they are never both of them 

 equal. 



10. All these animals take in sea- water through their 

 mouths ; the carcini also exhale a small portion of that which 

 they have taken in, and the carabi do this through the 

 branchiform appendages, for the carabi have many branchi- 

 form appendages. All these animals have two teeth : the 

 carabi have two front teeth, and then a fleshy mouth in- 

 stead of a tongue, from this an oesophagus continued on 

 to the stomach. And the carabi have a small oesophagus 

 before the stomach, and from this a straight intestine is 

 continued. In the caraboid animals and the carides, this 

 is continued to the tail in a straight passage, by w r hich they 

 eject their excrements, and deposit their ova. In the carcini 

 this is in the middle of the folded part, for the place wherein 

 they deposit their ova is external in these also. 



11. All the females also, besides the intestines, have a 

 place for their ova, and the part called my tis 1 or mecon, which 

 is greater or less, and the peculiar differences may be learned 

 by studying the individual cases. The carabi, as I have ob- 

 served, have two large and hollow teeth, in which there i 



1 Perhaps the liver. 



