86 THE HISTOBY. OP ANIMALS. T B> j^ 



19. The nature of the haemorrhois, the purpura, and all 

 such animals is the same. But those which have the left 

 foot greater are not found in the shells of the strombus, but 

 in the neritse. There are some cochli which contain an ani- 

 mal like the small astacus, which is found in rivers ; but 

 they differ from them in having the inner part of the shell 

 soft. Their form may be seen by examining dissections. 



CHAPTER V. 



1. THE echini contain no flesh, but this part is peculiar, for 

 they are all of them void of flesh, and are filled with a black 

 substance. There are many kinds of echinus, one of which 

 is eatable ; in this one the ova are large and eatable, both in 

 the greater and the less. 



2. And there are two other kinds, the spatangus and that 

 called bryttus ; these are inhabitants of the sea, and rare. 

 Those which are called echinometraB 1 are the largest of all. 

 Besides this, there is another small species, which has long 

 and sharp spines ; this is procured from the sea, in many 

 fathoms water, and some persons use it for stranguary. 



3. Around Torona there are white marine echini, which 

 have shells, and prickles, and ova, and are longer than others ; 

 but the prickle is neither large nor strong, but soft, and the 

 black parts from the mouth are more in number, and united 

 to the outward passage, but distinct among themselves, and 

 by these the animal is as it were divided. The eatable kinds 

 are particularly and especially active, and it is a sign of them ; 

 for they have always something adhering to their spines. 



4. They all contain ova, but in some they are very small, 

 and not eatable : that which is called the head and mouth in 

 the echinus is downwards, and the anus placed upwards. 

 The same thing occurs in the turbinated shells, and the 

 patella; for their food is placed below them, so that the mouth 

 is towards the food, and the anus at or on the upper part of 

 the shell. 



5. The echinus has five hollow internal teeth, in the midst 

 of these a portion of flesh like a tongue ; next to this is the 

 oesophagus ; then the stomach, in five divisions, full of faecu- 

 lent matter : all its cavities unite in one, near the anus, 

 where the shell is perforated. Beneath the stomach, in an- 



1 Echinus esculentus. 



