B. V.] THE HISTORY OF ANIMALS. 101 



BOOK THE FIFTH. 



CHAPTER I , ' . . , t 



1. AYE have hitherto treated of the .external and internal 

 parts of all animals, of their senses, voioo, ancv ;sl,e)p,/.;\viili I 

 the distinctions between the males and ' ieicales ; it remains'- 

 to treat of their generation, speaking first of those which 

 come first in order, for they are many, and have numerous 

 varieties, partly dissimilar, and partly like each other. And 

 we will pursue the same order in considering them as we 

 did before in their division into classes ; we commenced our 

 consideration by treating of the parts in man, but now he 

 must be treated of last, because he is much more intricate. 



2. We shall begin with the testacea, and after these treat 

 of the malacostraca, and the others in the order of their 

 succession. These are the malacia and insects, next to 

 these fishes, both viviparous and oviparous ; next to them 

 birds, and afterwards we must treat of animals with feet, 

 whether viviparous or oviparous ; some viviparous creatures 

 have four feet, man alone has two feet. The nature of ani- 

 mals and vegetables is similar, for some are produced from 

 the seed of other plants, and others are of spontaneous 

 growth, being derived from some origin of a similar nature. 

 Some of them acquire their nourishment from the soil, 

 others from different plants, as it was observed when treat- 

 ing of plants. 



3. So also some animals are produced from animals of 

 a similar form, the origin of others is spontaneous, and 

 not from similar forms ; from these and from plants are 

 divided those which spring from putrid matter, this is the 

 case with many insects ; others originate in the animals 

 themselves, and from the excrementitious matter in their 

 parts ; those which originate from similar animals, and have 

 both the sexes are produced from coition, but of the class of 

 fishes there are some neither male nor female, these belong 

 to the same class among fishes, but to different genera, and 

 some are quite peculiar. In some there are females but no 

 males, by these the species is continued as in the hyDenemia 

 among birds. 



