B. T.] THE HISTORY OF ANIMALS. 131 



2. The only excrementitious matter is found in the cells 

 of the grubs, as in the case of bees. As long as they are 

 nymphffi they remain motionless, and the cell is sealed over, 

 and on the other side of the cell which contains their pro- 

 geny, there is a drop of honey in the combs of the anthrenas. 

 The grubs of these creatures are produced in the autumn, 

 not in the spring, but they evidently grow most rapidly at 

 the full moon. The progeny and the grubs are not united 

 to the bottom, but to the side of the cell. 



CHAPTER XXI. 



1. SOME of the bombycia 1 form an angular cell of mud, 

 which they attach to a stone or something else, and smear 

 with a kind of transparent substance ; this is so very thick and 

 hard, that it can scarcely be broken with the blow of a spear. 

 In this they deposit their ova, and the white maggots are 

 contained in a black membrane ; and wax is formed in the 

 mud without any membrane, this wax is much more yellow 

 than that of bees. 



2. The ants also have sexual intercourse, and produce 

 maggots which they do not attach to anything. As these 

 grow, they change from small round things to long articu- 

 lated beings. The season for their production is in the 

 spring. 



3. The land-scorpions also bring forth many egg-like 

 maggots, upon which they incubate. When the young 

 ones are perfect, they drive out and destroy their parents 

 like spiders, for they are frequently eleven in number. 



CHAPTER XXII. 



1. THE arachnia copulate in the manner already described, 

 and produce maggots which at first are small. After their 

 metamorphosis they become spiders, not from a part but 

 from the whole of the maggot, for they are round from the 

 first. "When the female has produced her ova, she in- 

 cubates upon them, in three days they acquire limbs. All 

 of them produce their young in a web, which is thin and 

 small in some species, but compact in others. Some are 

 enclosed entirely in a round receptacle, and others are only 

 partially covered by the web. All the young spiders are 

 1 Apis cementaria, 



K 2 



