B. V.] THE HISTORY OF ANIMALS. 133 



the soil during the winter, and in the summer the locusts 

 are produced from the germs of the preceding year. 



4. The young of the attelabi are produced in the same 

 manner, and the parents die after having deposited theii 

 ova. Their ova are destroyed by the rains of the autumn, 

 if the weather is wet ; but if that season is dry, many atte- 

 labi are produced, because they are not equally destroyed ; 

 for their destruction appears to be irregular, and to take 

 place by accident. 



CHAPTER XXIV. 



1. THERE are two kinds of grasshoppers : some are small. 

 These are the first to appear, the last to perish. Others, 

 which chirp, are large : these appear last, and disappear 

 first. There is another difference between the small and 

 large kind. Those which chirp have a division in the middle 

 of the body : those which do not chirp have none. The large 

 ones, which chirp, are called achetse ; the small are called 

 tettigonia. Such of these as are divided, sing a little. 



2. Grasshoppers do not appear where there are no trees, for 

 which reason they are unknown in the open country of 

 Cyrene, but are abundant near the city, and especially 

 among olive trees, for these do not give much shade, and 

 grasshoppers are not produced in the cold, nor in very shady 

 groves. Both the large and small ones have sexual inter- 

 course with their own kind, copulating with each other on 

 their backs. The male inserts his organ into the female, in 

 the same manner as other insects. The female has a divided 

 pudendum. The female individual is the one which receives 

 the male. 



3. They deposit their ova in fields, piercing the soil with 

 the organ at the extremity of their body, like the attelabi ; 

 for the attelabi also oviposit in the fields, for which reason 

 they are common in Cyrene. They oviposit also in the 

 reeds which are used to support the vines; these they 

 pierce: and so they do in the stems of the scilla. The 

 young ones are washed into the earth, and are common in 

 rainy weather. The maggot, when it is grown in the earth, 

 becomes a tettigometra : these are sweetest before they 

 have ruptured their covering. 



4. And when the season arrives for their appearance, 



