B. V.T.] THE HISTOET OF ANIMALS. 175 



piio'is, in Argiuusa, in Asia, where Alcibiades died, all cbe 

 deer have their ears divided, so that they can be known if 

 they migrate to another place, and even the foetus in utero 

 has this distinction. The females have four nipples, like 

 cows. 



4. As soon as the females are impregnated, the males go 

 and live apart from them, and, urged by their sexual desires, 

 they each go apart and make a hole, in which they emit a 

 strong smell like he goats, and their faces become black, by 

 being sprinkled like those of goats. This continues till 

 after rain, when they turn again to their pasture. The 

 animal acts in this way on account of its violent sexual de- 

 sires and its fatness. In summer time this is so great 

 that they cannot run, but are taken by those who pursue 

 them, even on foot, in the second or third race. 



5. They frequent the water both on account of the heat 

 and the difficulty of breathing. At the period of sexual 

 intercourse, their flesh is inferior both in taste and smell, 

 like that of he-goats. In winter they are thin and weak, 

 and in the spring are most active for the chase. When 

 chased, they sometimes rest awhile, and remain standing till 

 their pursuers come up with them, when they start afresh. 

 They seem to do this from a pain in their intestines ; for 

 their viscera are so thin and weak that if they are only 

 struck gently they are ruptured, though the hide remains 

 sound. 



CHAPTER XXVII. 



1. BEARS perform the act of sexual intercourse in the man- 

 ner already described, not mounting upon each other, but 

 lying down upon the ground. The female is pregnant thirty 

 days, when she produces one or two, or at the outside five 

 cubs. The foetus is smaller, in proportion to the size of the 

 parent, than that of any other animal ; for it is less than a 

 weasel, and greater than a mouse. It is without hair and 

 blind, and its legs and almost all its parts are without 

 joints. Its season of sexual intercourse is in March. 

 The cubs are born at the time of concealment. At this 

 season both the female and the male are very fat. When 

 they have brought up their young, they show themselves 

 in the third month of the spring. The porcupine also 



