202 THE HISTORY OF ANIMALS. [B. VIII 



the owl ; all three of these are similar in form, and carni- 

 vorous. Some that have not crooked claws are carnivorous, 

 as the swallow. 



3. Some birds feed on worms, as the finch, the sparrow, 

 batis, chloris, titmouse. There are three kinds of titmouse ; 

 the spizites is the largest, it is as large as the finch. 

 Another is called the orimis, because it dwells in mountains ; 

 it has a large tail. The third resembles them in everything 

 except its size, for it is very small. The sycalis also, the 

 megalocoryphus, pyrrhulas, erithacus, hypola'is, oestrus, ty- 

 rannis are of this class. The last of these is the least, it 

 is not much larger than a locust ; it has a purple crest, and is 

 altogether a graceful and well-formed bird. The bird called 

 anthus also, which is of the size of the finch ; the orospizus is 

 like the finch, and nearly of the same size, it has a blue stripe 

 on its neck, and lives in mountainous places. The wren 

 also lives upon seeds. All these and such like birds either 

 partly or entirely live on worms. 



4. These birds, the acanthis, thraupis, and that which is 

 called chrysometris, all live upon thorns, but neither eat 

 worms or any other living creature, and they both roost and 

 feed in the same places. There are others which feed on 

 gnats ; these live chiefly by hunting for these insects, as the 

 greater and lesser pipo, both of which are by some per- 

 sons called woodpeckers. They resemble each other in 

 their cry, though that of the larger bird is the louder, 

 and they both feed by flying against trees. The celeos 

 also, which is as large as a turtle dove, and entirely 

 yellow ; its habit is to strike against trees ; it generally lives 

 upon trees, and has a loud voice. This bird generally in- 

 habits the Peloponnesus. There is also another called 

 cnipologus, which is small, about the size of the acanthyllis ; 

 its colour is cinereous and spotted, and its voice is weak ; 

 this bird also pecks trees. 



. 5. There are other birds which live upon fruit and grasses, 

 as the phaps, phatta, peristera, cenas, and trygon. 1 The 

 phatta and peristera are always present, the trygon only in 

 summer time ; in the winter it is not seen, for it hides itself 

 in holes. The cenas is generally seen and captured in the 

 autumn. The cenas is as large as the peristera but less than 



! Different species of pigeons and doves. 



