B. Till.] THE HISTOBY OF ANIMALS. 221 



CHAPTER XXI. 



1. AMONG quadrupeds, swine suffer from three diseases, one 

 of these is called sore throat, in which the parts above the 

 jaws and the branchia become inflamed ; it may also occur in 

 other parts of the body, and frequently seizes upon the foot, 

 and sometimes the ear. The neighbouring parts then be- 

 come putrid, until it reaches the lungs, when the animal dies ; 

 the disease spreads rapidly, and the animal eats nothing from 

 the period of the commencement of the disease, be it where 

 it will. The swineherds have no other remedy but the 

 excision of the part before the disease has spread far. 



2. There are two other diseases which are both called 

 craura. One of them consists in a pain and weight in the 

 head, with which many of them are afflicted ; the other is 

 an excessive alvine discharge. This appears to be incurable. 

 They relieve the former by the application of wine to the 

 nostrils, and washing them with wine. Recovery from this 

 disease is difficult, for it generally carries them off on the 

 third or fourth day. 



3. They suffer particularly from sore throat, when the 

 summer bears abundantly, and they are fat. The fruit of 

 the mulberry is good for them, and abundant washings 

 with warm water, and scarification beneath the tongue. 

 If the flesh of swine is soft, it is full of small lumps 

 (chalazse) about the legs, neck, and shoulders ; for in these 

 parts the chalazse are most frequent. If there are but a few, 

 the flesh is sweet ; if many, it becomes very fluid and soft. 



4. Those which have these chalazae are easily distinguished ; 

 for they exist in the greatest numbers under the tongue, 

 and if the hair is plucked from their mane it appears 

 bloody underneath. Those which have chalazse cannot keep 

 their hind legs still. They are not thus affected as long as 

 they suck. The grain called tipha, which also forms excel- 

 lent food, is the remedy for the chalazaB. Vetches and figs 

 are useful both fcr fattening and rearing pigs ; and on the 

 whole their food should not be all of one sort, but varied ; 

 for swine, like other animals, derive advantage from a 

 change in their food ; and they say that at the same time 

 their food ought to inflate them, and to cover them both 

 with flesh and fat. Acorns are good for their food, but 



