234 THE HISTOET OF ANIMALS. [_E. IX. 



thus, acanthis, and aegithus are foes, and it is said that the 

 blood of the an thus and segithus will not mix. The crow 

 and heron are friends, and so are the schoenion, lark, 

 lae'dus, and celeus, for the celeus lives by the side of rivers 

 and thickets, but the lae'dus lives among rocks and moun- 

 tains, and is fond of the place in which it lives. The 

 piphinx, harpa, and kite are friends ; the fox and the ser- 

 pent also, for both live in holes ; and the blackbird and the 

 turtle. 



11. The lion and jackal are foes, for both are carnivo- 

 rous, and live on the same substances. Elephants also 

 fight fiercely with each other, and strike with their tusks ; 

 the conquered submits entirely, and cannot endure the voice 

 of the victor : and elephants diifer much in the courage 

 they exhibit. The Indians use both male and female ele- 

 phants in war, though the females are smaller and far less 

 courageous. The elephant can overthrow walls by striking 

 them with its large tusks ; it throws down palm trees by 

 striking them with its head, and afterwards putting its feet 

 upon them, stretches them on the ground. 



12. Elephant-hunting is conducted in the following way : 

 men mount upon some tame courageous animals ; when they 

 have seized upon the wild animals they command the others 

 to beat them till they fail from fatigue. The elephant-driver 

 then leaps upon its back and directs it with a lance ; very 

 soon after this they become tame and obedient. When the 

 elephant- drivers mount upon them they all become obedient, 

 but when they have no driver, some are tame and others 

 not so, and they bind the fore legs of those that are 

 wild with chains, in order to keep them quiet. They hunt 

 both full-grown animals and young ones. Such is the 

 friendship and enmity of these wild animals originating in 

 the supply of food, and the mode of life. 



CHAPTER III. 



1. SOME fish are gregarious and friendly together, others 

 that are less gregarious are hostile. Some are gregarious while 

 they are pregnant, others during the season of parturition. On 

 the whole, the following are gregarious : the tunny, moenis, 

 cobius, box, saurus, coracinus, sinodon, trigla, muraena, 

 anthia,eleginus,atherinus,sarginus,belona, (mecon,) teuthus 



