416 APPENDIX 



Circulation of Foods. Blood contains foods, oxygen, and A^aste materials. 

 Heart pumps the blood, blood vessels subdivide until very small and thin, so food, 

 etc., passes from them to cells. Hygiene of the heart. 



Transpiration AND Excretion. Skin, function in excretion. Bathing. Care of 

 skin. Hot baths. Bathe at least twice a week. Cold baths, how taken. Bath- 

 tub not a necessity. Effect of latter on educating skin to react. Relation to 

 catching cold. 



Care of Scalp and Nails. Scalp should be washed weekly. If dandruff present, 

 wash often enough to keep clean. Baldness often results from dandruff. Finger 

 nails cut even with end of fingers and cleaned daily with scrub brush. 



Hygiene of Respiration. Definition of respiration. Object of respiration. 

 (Connection between circulation and respiration.) Necessity of oxygen. Organs 

 of respiration. Lungs most important. Deep breath, function. Ventilation, 

 reasons for. Mouth breathing. Results. Lessened mental power, nasal catarrh, 

 colds easily caught. 



Plants harmful to Man. Poison ivy and mushrooms. Treatment. Poisoning. 

 Send for physician. Cause vomiting by (1) finger, (2) mustard and water. (Note. 

 An unconscious person should not be given anything by the mouth unless he can 

 swallow.) Relation of yeasts and bacteria to man. Fermentation a cause of 

 indigestion. Relation to candy, sirups, sour stomach, formation of gas causes pain. 



Bacteria of Mouth and Alimentary Canal. Entrance of bacteria by mouth 

 and nose. Nose : " cold in the head," grippe, catarrh. Mouth : decay of teeth, ton- 

 sillitis, diphtheria. Germs pass from one person to another, no one originates germs 

 in himself. Precautions against receiving and transferring germs. Common 

 drinking cups, towels, coins, lead pencils, moistening fingers to turn pages in book or 

 to count roll of bills. Tuberculosis germs. Entrance by mouth, lungs favorite 

 place, may be any part of body. Dust of air, sweeping streets, watering a necessity. 

 Spitting in streets and in public buildings. Germs of typhoid fever. Entrance : 

 water, milk, fresh uncooked vegetables, oysters. Thrive in small intestines. 

 Preventable. Typhoid epidemics, methods of prevention of typhoid. Conditions 

 favorable for growth of specific disease germs. Work of Boards of Health. 



Home sanitary conditions, sunlight, air, curtains and blinds, open windows. 

 Live out of doors as much as possible. Cleanliness. Bare walls well scrubbed 

 better than carpets and rugs. Lace curtains, iron bedsteads, one thickness of 

 paper on walls. Open plumbing, dry cellars, all garbage promptly removed. 



This outline is largely the work of Dr. L. J. Mason and Dr. C. H. Morse of the 

 department of biology of the De Witt Clinton High SchooL 



