CLASSIFICATION OF VERTEBRATA 



With about 2500 species, which have been grouped into 

 twenty to thirty families. 



a. PH. abdominales. Posterior fins abdominal. 

 Siluridae. Silurus, Synodontis, Malapterurus electricus 



(Africa), Aspredo. 



Scopelidae. Scopelus. 

 * Cyprinidae. Cyprinus, Barbus, Gobio, Leuciscus, Tinea, 

 Ehodeus, Abramis, Cobitis. 



Scombresocidae. Scombresox, Belone, Exocoetus. 



Esocidae. Esox, periarctic, fresh-water. 



Mormyridae. Mormyrus, Ethiopian fresh-water. 



Sternoptychidae. Argyropelecus, Chauliodus. 



Salmonidae. Salmo, Osmerus. 

 s Chtpeidae. Clupea, Engraulis, Buthyrinus. 



y3. Ph. apodes. Without posterior fins. 



Gymnotidae. Gymnotus, tropical American fresh-water. 



Muraenidae. Muraeua, Anguilla, Conger. 



b. Physoclysti, Gegenbaur. Air-bladder, when present, 

 without a duct in the adult. Gills pectinate. 



With about 3000 species, which have been sorted into 

 numerous super-families and still more numerous families. 



a. Acanthopteri, Mueller. Dorsal fins protected by some 

 entire spines. Position of pelvic fins variable. 



Perciformes. Perca, Serranus, Toxotes, Mullus, Sebastes. 



Xiphiiformes. Xiphias. 



m Scombriformes. Scomber, Thynnus, Echeneis, Zeus, Trachi- 

 nus, Lophius, Cottus, Trigla, Dactylopterus. 



Gobiiformes. Cyclopterus, Gobius, Periophthalmus. 



Blenniiformcs. Blennius, Anarrhichas, Zoarces. 



Gastrosteiformes. Gastrosteus, Fistularia. 



CJianniformes. Channa, Ophiocephalus. 



Zabyrinthibranchii. Anabas. 



Taeniiformes. Eegalecus. 

 " 0. Pharyngognathi, Mueller, etc. Right and left lower 

 pharyngeal arches fused with each other. 



Labrus, Scarus, Embiotocus, Ditrema. 



7. Anacanthini, Mueller. Dorsal, anal and pectoral fins 

 unprotected by spines. Pelvic fins removed to a jugular or 

 pectoral position, or lost. 



