CLASSIFICATION OF VERTEBRATA 35 



lidae. Otis, etc. Old World, since Miocene. 



Rhinochetidae. Rhinochetus jubatus. New Caledonia. 



Eurypygidae. Eurypyga. Neotropical. 



J 9 '<■) ' iornithidae. Heliornis, Neotropical. Podica, Ethiopian 

 and Indo-China. 



11. Order Charadriiformes. Schizognathous, with eleven 

 remiges, of which the terminal very short; aquintocubital. 

 Spinae sterni short, separate. 



1. Sub -order LIMICOLAE Nidifugous, schizognathous, 

 without spina interna sterni ; hypotarsus complicated. Cos- 

 mopolitan. 



Charadriidae. Charadrius, Vanellus, Ibidorhynchus, Hae- 

 matopus, etc. 



Tringa, Phalaropus, Scolopax, Rhynchaea, Numenius, 

 Limosa, etc. Cosmopolitan. 

 Chionididae. Chionis. Kerguelen Islands. 

 Glareolidae. Glareola, Cursorius, Dromas. Old "World. 

 Thinocorythidae. Thinocorys, Attagis. South America. 

 Oedicnemididae. Oedicnemus. Cosmopolitan, excluding 

 North America, Australasia, and New Zealand. 



Parridae. Parra. Neotropical, Ethiopian, Malagasic, Indo- 

 Malayan. 



Hydrophasianus. Indian. 



2. Sub-order LARI. Aquatic, schizognathous, vomer com- 

 plete. Without basipterygoid processes. Front toes webbed ; 

 hallux small or absent. Large supraorbital glands. Since 

 the Miocene. 



Laridae. Nidifugous. Cosmopolitan. 



Lestris, Larus, Sterna, Rhynchops. 

 Alcidae. Northern half of the periarctic region. 



Alca, Fratercula, etc. 



3. Sub-order PTEROCLES. Nidifugous. With large crop 

 and large caeca. Vomer vestigial. Hallux vestigial or absent. 

 From Portugal to India, and to the Cape of Good Hope. 



Pteroclidae. Pterocles and Syrrhaptes. 



4. Sub-order COLUMBAE. Nidicolous, with large crop, 

 vestigial caeca. Cosmopolitan. 



Columbidae. Since Miocene. 



Columba, Treron, Caloenas, Goura, Didunculus. 



